Climate change and rock fall events in high mountain areas: numerous and extensive rock falls in 2007 at mittlerer burgstall, central austria
Climate change and rock fall events in high mountain areas: numerous and extensive rock falls in 2007 at mittlerer burgstall, central austria
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高山区的气候变化和落石事件：2007年奥地利中部米特勒伯格斯塔尔发生大量大面积落石事件
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发表时间：
2012
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Carrivick
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Kellerer‐Pirklbauer;G. Lieb;M. Avian;J. Carrivick
Kellerer-Pirklbauer，A.，Lieb，G.K.，Avian，M.和Carrivick，J.，2012.高山地区气候变化和岩石坠落事件：2007年奥地利中部Mittlerer Burgstall大量和广泛的罗克瀑布。Geografiska Annaler：Series A，Physical Geography，94，597ndash;78. doi：10.1111/j.1468 - 0459.2011.00449。摘要高山地区的滑坡日益频繁。2007年，Mittlerer Burgstall山（2933 ma.s.l.，47°06′ 07″ N; 12° 42′ 36″ E），完全改变了山的形状。在事件发生之前，东南山脊是尖锐的，两边都有陡峭的岩石面。在小冰河时期，这座山是一座冰原岛峰，被帕斯捷尔泽冰川的两条冰舌环绕。在本文中，我们使用地貌测绘，永久冻土分布建模，冰川重建，表面和近表面的地面温度数据，气温数据和机载激光扫描数据来评估这些多个岩石坠落事件。结果表明，整个脱离面积为3100 m2。搬运和沉积面积为85- 000 m2，部分贡献于Pasterze冰川的冰上碎屑覆盖。所有崩塌堆积物的体积约为56- 000 m3。多年冻土模拟和地温监测表明，剥离区位于不连续多年冻土下限附近。2007-2010年，Mittlerer Burgstall山顶地区的多年冻土相对温暖而薄，1.8 m深处的平均温度仅为-1.0 ° C。山体两侧的冰舌表面显著下降（自小冰期以来分别下降了-250米和-70米），改变了基岩的应力和应变场。此外，一般高度破碎的基岩有利于边坡不稳定。罗克瀑布的触发事件很可能是2006/07年暖冬的影响，与前七个冬天相比，暖冬温度高出2.2-4.8°C。目前正在对Mittlerer Burgstall今后的罗克瀑布进行监测。
Kellerer‐Pirklbauer, A., Lieb, G.K.,Avian, M. and Carrivick, J., 2012. Climate change and rock fall events in high mountain areas: numerous and extensive rock falls in 2007 at Mittlerer Burgstall, Central Austria. Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 94, 597ndash;78. doi:10.1111/j.1468‐0459.2011.00449. Abstract Landslides in alpine areas are becoming more frequent. In 2007, a number of rock fall events occurred on the sharp SE‐ridge of the mountain Mittlerer Burgstall (2933 ma.s.l., 47°06′ 07″ N; 12° 42′ 36″ E) completely changing the shape of the mountain. Before the events, the SE‐ridge was sharp with steep rock faces on both sides. The mountain was a nunatak surrounded by two glacier tongues of Pasterze Glacier during the Little Ice Age. In this paper we use geomorphological mapping, permafrost distribution modelling, glacier reconstruction, surface and near‐surface ground temperature data, air temperature data, and airborne laserscanning data to assess these multiple rock fall events. Results show that the entire area of detachment covers 3100 m2. The areas of transportation and deposition cover 85-000m2 partly contributing to the supraglacial debris cover of Pasterze Glacier. The volume of all rock fall deposits is about 56-000m3. Permafrost modelling and ground temperature monitoring indicate that the area of detachment is located near the lower limit of discontinuous permafrost. Permafrost is relatively warm and thin at the summit area of Mittlerer Burgstall with a mean temperature of only –1.0°C at 1.8 m depth in 2007–2010. Substantial surface lowering of the glacier tongues surrounding the mountain on both sides (by −250 and −70 m since the Little Ice Age) changed the stress and strain field in the bedrock. Furthermore, the generally highly fractured bedrock favoured slope instability. The triggering event for the rock falls were most likely the effects of the warm winter of 2006/07 which was 2.2–4.8°C warmer compared to the seven winters before. A monitoring programme regarding future rock falls at Mittlerer Burgstall is ongoing.