Tsunami damage to coastal defences and buildings in the March 11th 2011 M w 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami
Tsunami damage to coastal defences and buildings in the March 11th 2011 M w 9.0 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami
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DOI：
10.1007/s10518-012-9348-9
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Sammonds, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fraser, Stuart;Raby, Alison;Sammonds, Peter
2011年3月11日，在距离日本东北海岸130公里的太平洋日本海沟处发生了里氏9.0级巨型逆冲界面俯冲地震，即东日本大地震，引发了海啸，对600公里海岸线造成了破坏。地震工程现场调查队（EEFIT）在岩手县和宫城县的10个地点进行调查后，介绍了对台北建筑物（包括垂直疏散设施）和海岸防御的破坏情况。观测结果是在沿海环境和每个地点经历的海啸特征的背景下提出的。在釜石市和气仙沼市进行了损坏调查，使用了钢筋混凝土（RC）、木材和钢框架建筑的损坏等级，该等级改编自早期的EEFIT海啸损坏等级。观察表明，许多海堤和防波堤被淹没、翻倒或破裂，但提供了一定程度的保护。我们展示了局部地区由于淹没深度、水流方向、流速变化和遮蔽所造成的破坏的极端可变性。许多钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构的存续表明，它们在局部地震和重大海啸淹没下具有很高的潜力，但在减轻冲刷、液化、碎片冲击和防止倾覆破坏方面还需要进一步的研究。对钢结构和木结构建筑的破坏也进行了讨论。这些观测结果的目的是，通过突出在遭受极端海啸淹没深度时影响城市沿海基础设施遭受的破坏程度和当地变化的主要特征，为减轻未来的地震和海啸损害作出贡献。
On March 11th 2011 a M (w) 9.0 mega-thrust interface subduction earthquake, the Great East Japan Earthquake, occurred 130 km off the northeast coast of Japan in the Pacific Ocean at the Japan Trench, triggering tsunami which caused damage along 600 km of coastline. Observations of damage to buildings (including vertical evacuation facilities) and coastal defences in TAihoku are presented following investigation by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) at 10 locations in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures. Observations are presented in the context of the coastal setting and tsunami characteristics experienced at each location. Damage surveys were carried out in Kamaishi City and Kesennuma City using a damage scale for reinforced concrete (RC), timber and steel frame buildings adapted from an earlier EEFIT tsunami damage scale. Observations show that many sea walls and breakwaters were overtopped, overturned, or broken up, but provided some degree of protection. We show the extreme variability of damage in a local area due to inundation depth, flow direction, velocity variations and sheltering. Survival of many RC shear wall structures shows their high potential to withstand local earthquake and significant tsunami inundation but further research is required into mitigation of scour, liquefaction, debris impact, and the prevention of overturning failure. Damage to steel and timber buildings are also discussed. These observations are intended to contribute to mitigation of future earthquake and tsunami damage by highlighting the key features which influence damage level and local variability of damage sustained by urban coastal infrastructure when subjected to extreme tsunami inundation depths.