Evaluation of ice particle growth in ICON using statistics of multi‐frequency Doppler cloud radar observations

Evaluation of ice particle growth in ICON using statistics of multi‐frequency Doppler cloud radar observations
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使用多频多普勒云雷达观测统计数据评估 ICON 中的冰粒生长

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3875
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发表时间:
--
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
S. Kneifel
S. Kneifel
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
V. Schemann;M. Karrer;J. Dias Neto;L. von Terzi;A. Seifert;S. Kneifel

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最近显示,结合多个频率和多普勒测量的垂直指向雷达观测包含关于冰粒生长过程的有价值的信息,如聚集和成霜。在这项研究中,我们使用了两个月的X,Ka,W波段多普勒雷达数据集的中纬度冬季云推断统计增长签名的冰和雪粒子。将观测统计数据与基于高分辨率ICON模型和双矩微物理方案的运动时间段模拟的前向模拟雷达矩进行比较。统计比较表明,模拟的雷达反射率和地面降水率的垂直结构有很好的一致性。与平均粒度密切相关的双波长比也显示出在高于-15 °C的温度下持续大幅增加。然而,在高于-7 °C的温度下,ICON越来越高估平均粒度。平均多普勒速度的统计数据还表明,该模型高估了雪颗粒的终端速度,特别是在较大的尺寸。我们讨论了所发现的差异的可能原因,例如粘附效率的不切实际的温度依赖性或由实施的幂律关系引起的较大尺寸下的终端速度的不饱和。我们的研究展示了结合各种雷达技术识别模拟微物理过程中的问题的重要性的例子,这些问题可能由于补偿误差而被隐藏。
Vertically pointing radar observations combining multiple frequencies and Doppler measurements have been recently shown to contain valuable information about ice particle growth processes, such as aggregation and riming. In this study, we use a two‐months X, Ka, W‐Band Doppler radar dataset of midlatitude winter clouds to infer statistical growth signatures of ice and snow particles. The observational statistics are compared to forward‐simulated radar moments based on simulations of the campaign time period with a high‐resolution version of the ICON model and a two‐moment microphysical scheme. The statistical comparison shows very good agreement of the simulated vertical structure of radar reflectivity and surface precipitation rate. The dual‐wavelength ratios, which are closely related to the mean particle size, also show consistently a major increase at temperatures higher than –15 °C. However, at temperatures higher than –7 °C, ICON increasingly overestimates the mean particle size. The statistics of mean Doppler velocities also reveal that the model overestimates the terminal velocity of snow particles, especially at larger sizes. We discuss possible reasons for the identified discrepancies, such as an unrealistic temperature dependence of the sticking efficiency or the non‐saturation of terminal velocities at larger sizes caused by the implemented power law relations. Our study demonstrates examples of the importance of combining various radar techniques for identifying issues in simulated microphysical processes, which can otherwise be hidden due to compensating errors.
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