Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans
Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans
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DOI：
10.1007/s11046-005-0206-z
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Kurt, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soylu, EM;Soylu, S;Kurt, S
本研究的目的是寻找一种替代目前用于控制番茄晚疫病病原体--毁灭性卵菌病原体致病疫霉的合成杀菌剂。从芳香植物如牛至（Origanum syriacum var. bevanii）、百里香（Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata）、熏衣草（Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas）、迷迭香（Rosmarinus officinalis）、茴香（Foeniculum vulgare）和月桂（Laurus nobilis）对抗致病疫霉。通过使用两种体外方法测定了所用精油的不同浓度的接触和挥发相效应。用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了挥发油的化学成分。百里香、牛至、迷迭香、熏衣草、茴香和月桂精油中主要成分分别为香芹酚（37.9%）、香芹酚（79.8%）、樟脑（20.2%）、茴香脑（82.8%）和1，8-桉叶素（35.5%）。发现所有精油都以剂量依赖性方式抑制致病疫霉的生长。发现0.3 μ g/ml空气的牛至油和百里香油的挥发相效应完全抑制致病疫霉的生长。然而，在0.4-2.0 μ g/ml空气浓度下观察到茴香、迷迭香、熏衣草和月桂精油对病原体的完全生长抑制。为了确定所测试精油的接触相效应，发现6.4 μ g/ml的牛至油、百里香油和茴香油可完全抑制致病疫霉的生长。迷迭香、熏衣草和月桂的精油在相对较高的浓度（分别为12.8、25.6、51.2 μ g/ml）下具有抑制作用。精油的挥发相效应一直被认为是更有效的真菌生长比接触相效应。孢子囊的产生也被抑制的精油测试。光和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察病原菌菌丝，暴露于挥发性和接触相的石油，揭示了相当大的形态变化，菌丝，如细胞质凝固，空泡化，菌丝皱缩和原生质体渗漏。
The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of devastating oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, causal agent of late blight disease of tomato. Antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from aerial parts of aromatic plants such as oregano (Origanum syriacum var. bevanii), thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), lavender (Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against P. infestans. Both contact and volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were determined by using two in vitro methods. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were also determined by GC-MS analysis. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, oregano, rosemary, lavender, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (37.9%), carvacrol (79.8), borneol (20.4%), camphor (20.2%), anethole (82.8%) and 1,8-cineole (35.5%), respectively. All essential oils were found to inhibit the growth of P. infestans in a dose-dependent manner. Volatile phase effect of oregano and thyme oils at 0.3 mu g/ml air was found to completely inhibit the growth of P. infestans. Complete growth inhibition of pathogen by essential oil of fennel, rosemary, lavender and laurel was, however, observed at 0.4-2.0 mu g/ml air concentrations. For the determination of the contact phase effects of the tested essential oils, oregano, thyme and fennel oils at 6.4 mu g/ml were found to inhibit the growth of P. infestans completely. Essential oils of rosemary, lavender and laurel were inhibitory at relatively higher concentrations (12.8, 25.6, 51.2 mu g/ml respectively). Volatile phase effects of essential oils were consistently found to be more effective on fungal growth than contact phase effect. Sporangial production was also inhibited by the essential oil tested. Light and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation on pathogen hyphae, exposed to both volatile and contact phase of oil, revealed considerable morphological alterations in hyphae such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations, hyphal shrivelling and protoplast leakage.