Groundwater systems of the Indian Sub-Continent
Groundwater systems of the Indian Sub-Continent
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.03.005
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Bhanja, Soumendra N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mukherjee, Abhijit;Saha, Dipankar;Bhanja, Soumendra N.
印度次大陆是世界上人口最稠密的地区之一，仅占世界陆地面积的3%，却拥有全球23%的人口。它包含了一些世界上最大的河流系统（雅鲁藏布江、恒河和印度河流域），拥有一些世界上产量最高的含水层。该区域可用地下水的分布差别很大，许多这些含水层（例如孟加拉盆地）的安全水的持续供应受到天然污染物存在的限制。此外，印度次大陆含水层的跨界性质使地下水资源成为一个潜在的政治敏感问题，特别是因为该地区是世界上地下水资源的最大用户。事实上，人们对井产量的减少和地下水位的下降，甚至对高产的含水层，也有相当大的担忧。尽管灌溉已占该地区地下水总采水量的85%，但该地区的粮食安全对含水层的压力越来越大。高度可变的降水、水文地质条件和预测的、即将发生的气候变化影响为地下水管理带来了重大挑战。观测到的天然地下水污染物的存在，加上对灌溉粮食生产的需求不断增长和预测的气候变化，使可持续利用地下水资源战略的制定更加复杂化。我们对本期特刊中整理的11篇文章进行了介绍和概述，这些文章描述了整个印度次大陆脆弱地下水资源的现状。(C) 2015年Elsevier B.V.出版
The Indian Sub-Continent is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, hosting similar to 23% of the global population within only similar to 3% of the world's land area. It encompasses some of the world's largest Fluvial systems in the world (River Brahmaputra, Ganges and Indus Basins), which hosts some of the highest yielding aquifers in the world. The distribution of usable groundwater in the region varies considerably and the continued availability of safe water from many of these aquifers (e.g. Bengal Basin) is constrained by the presence of natural contaminants. Further, the trans-boundary nature of the aquifers in the Indian Sub-Continent makes groundwater resource a potentially politically sensitive issue, particularly since this region is the largest user of groundwater resources in the world. Indeed, there is considerable concern regarding dwindlingwell yield and declining groundwater levels, even for the highly productive aquifers. Though irrigation already accounts for >85% of the total ground water extraction of the region, there is a mounting pressure on aquifers for food security of the region. Highly variable precipitation, hydrogeological conditions and predicted, impending climate change effects provide substantial challenges to groundwater management. The observed presence of natural groundwater con taminants together with the growing demand for irrigated food production and predicted climate change further complicate the development of strategies for using groundwater resources sustainably. We provide an introduction and overview of 11 articles, collated in this special issue, which describe the current condition of vulnerable groundwater resources across the Indian Sub-Continent. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.