VIGILANCE, FLOCK SIZE, AND FLOCK GEOMETRY - INFORMATION GATHERING BY WESTERN EVENING GROSBEAKS (AVES, FRINGILLIDAE)
VIGILANCE, FLOCK SIZE, AND FLOCK GEOMETRY - INFORMATION GATHERING BY WESTERN EVENING GROSBEAKS (AVES, FRINGILLIDAE)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0310.1995.tb01096.x
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发表时间：
1995-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
BEKOFF, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEKOFF, M
警惕（扫描）和其他行为模式进行了研究，在自由放养的晚上grosbeaks（Coccothraustes vespertinus）在馈线，以评估如何羊群规模和羊群几何形状影响个别鸟类的行为。目前的研究结果表明，在其中个别的蜡嘴相对于彼此的定位方式影响他们的行为的许多方面，特别是当一个nock包含四个或更多的鸟。在线性阵列中的鸟类很难看到彼此，当与组织在一个圆圈中的个体相比时，它们可以很容易地看到彼此：1。更加警惕; 2。更经常地改变他们的头部和身体位置; 3.对群体规模变化的反应更慢; 4.在头部运动中表现出较少的协调性;以及5.在所有测量中显示出更大的可变性。这些行为上的差异可以从认知行为学的角度来解释，这种观点倾向于有意或表象的解释。具体来说，数据表明，个别grosbeaks，当扫描和移动，视觉监控的羊群中，他们正在喂养和收集信息的一些变量，包括羊群的大小，其他人在做什么，其他人在哪里，哪些人是存在的，表型特征的nock成员，食物资源，或潜在的捕食者的位置。个体可能会使用行为的视觉记录，也许还有其他人的表型特征，这些信息会影响他们行为的各个方面。
Vigilance (scanning) and other behaviour patterns were studied in free-ranging evening grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus) at feeders to assess how flock size and flock geometry influenced the behaviour of individual birds. The present results indicate that the way in which individual grosbeaks are positioned with respect to one another affects many aspects of their behaviour, especially when a nock contains four or more birds. Birds in a linear array which have difficulty seeing one another, when compared with individuals organized in a circle which can easily see one another: 1. are more vigilant; 2. change their head and body positions more often; 3. react to changes in group size more slowly; 4. show less coordination in head movements; and 5. show more variability in all measures. These differences in behaviour can be explained from a cognitive ethological perspective that favours intentional or representational explanations. Specifically, the data suggest that individual grosbeaks, when scanning and moving about, are visually monitoring the flock in which they are feeding and gathering information about a number of variables including flock size, what others are doing, where others are, which individuals are present, phenotypic features of nock members, food resources, or the location of potential predators. Individuals likely use visual records of the behaviour and perhaps the phenotypic features of others, and this information influences various aspects of their behaviour.