Euphausiid spatial displacements and habitat shifts in the southern California Current System in response to El Niño variability
Euphausiid spatial displacements and habitat shifts in the southern California Current System in response to El Niño variability
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102544
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Laura E. Lilly;M. Ohman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laura E. Lilly;M. Ohman
我们分析了10种磷虾在南加州海流系统中的空间分布，包括7次厄尔尼诺事件（1951-2018年）和2014-15年暖异常，以确定东太平洋（EP）和中太平洋（CP）厄尔尼诺期间栖息地利用和繁殖的变化。我们的目标是描述厄尔尼诺事件影响这些优势物种的主要强迫机制。我们的研究结果表明，冷水南极磷虾主要响应于厄尔尼诺期间的situhabitat条件的变化，而亚热带物种需要初始平流在南部CCS增加。冷水沿海相关物种（太平洋磷虾，Thysanoessa spinifera）压缩岸边和回缩极向上涌沃茨在厄尔尼诺现象，可能是为了应对近海变暖。一个亚热带沿海物种（Nyctiphanes simplex）在EP Niños期间向极向近岸延伸，表明异常平流，但在CP Niños期间仅适度增加并远离南加州。一种热带太平洋-下加州物种（Euphausia eximia）只在厄尔尼诺年（EP，一些CP）的春季出现在加州南部海域，这表明直接平流和对较冷、较新鲜条件的耐受性较低。亚热带近海物种（Euphausia gibboides，Euphausia recurva，Stylocheiron affine，Euphausia hemigibba）在大多数Niños期间向岸边扩展（在2014-15年温暖异常期间最强），并显示出适度的事件后持续性，表明平流和近岸暂时有利的栖息地的综合影响。区域性的温带物种（Nematoscelis difficilis，Thysanoessa gregaria）在一些厄尔尼诺现象中仅适度收缩。使用广义加性模型对2100年分布的预测表明，未来的非厄尔尼诺条件和厄尔尼诺现象将在整个区域造成亚热带物种就地增加，并适度向极地和岸上扩张，而厄尔尼诺现象将造成近岸生境持续压缩，沿海物种丰度减少。了解浮游动物对厄尔尼诺现象的空间反应可以帮助预测其他海洋变化下的群落组成变化（例如，长期趋势，全流域暖异常）。
We analyzed spatial distributions of 10 euphausiid species in the southern California Current System across seven El Niño events (1951–2018) and the 2014–15 Warm Anomaly to determine variations in habitat utilization and reproduction during Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) Niños. Our goal was to characterize the main forcing mechanisms by which El Niño events influence these dominant species. Our findings suggest cool-water euphausiids respond predominantly to changingin situhabitat conditions during El Niño, while subtropical species require initial advection to increase in the southern CCS. Cool-water coastally-associated species (Euphausia pacifica, Thysanoessa spinifera) compress shoreward and retract poleward to upwelling waters during EP Niños, likely in response to offshore warming. A subtropical coastal species (Nyctiphanes simplex) extends poleward nearshore during EP Niños, suggesting anomalous advection, but increases only moderately and variably off southern California during CP Niños. A Tropical Pacific-Baja California species (Euphausia eximia) only appears off southern California in spring during El Niño years (EP, some CP), suggesting direct advection and low tolerance for cooler, fresher conditions. Subtropical offshore species (Euphausia gibboides, Euphausia recurva, Stylocheiron affine, Euphausia hemigibba) expand shoreward during most Niños (strongest during 2014–15 Warm Anomaly) and show moderatein situpost-event persistence, suggesting combined influence of advection and temporarily favorable habitat nearshore. Regionwide temperate species (Nematoscelis difficilis, Thysanoessa gregaria) contract only moderately shoreward during some Niños. Predictions of Year 2100 distributions using generalized additive models suggest future non-Niño conditions and CP Niños will produce regionwidein situincreases in subtropical species and moderate poleward and onshore expansions, while EP Niños will produce continued nearshore habitat compression and reduced abundance of coastal species. Understanding zooplankton spatial responses to El Niño can help predict community compositional shifts under other ocean changes (e.g., long-term trends, basin-wide warm anomalies).