The Evolution of Male Tergal Glands in the Blattaria
The Evolution of Male Tergal Glands in the Blattaria
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蜚蠊属中雄性特伽腺的进化
DOI：
10.1093/aesa/62.1.176
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发表时间：
1969
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
L. Roth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Roth
蜚蠊目中的雄性背侧腺用于操纵雌性进入适当的前腹位置，并阻止她的运动（当她“进食”腺体分泌物时，或触摸雄性的背部）足够长的时间，以便雄性抓住她的生殖器。虽然几乎所有的科都有这种腺体，但在Polyphagidae和Blaberidae中很少见。在Blaberoidea中，背腺在Blattellidae中表现出最大的发育和变化。当它们出现在蜚蠊科（通常在Epilamprinae）时，它们可能代表一种遗物特征，来自一个类似小蠊的祖先。背腺，当存在于蜚蠊科（蜚蠊总科）时，几乎总是只出现在第一腹节上。在Blattellidae中，特化的体节的数量可以从5到1不等。本科中最多的属只有1个变型，最常见的2个位置在第7节或第1节。背腺在Blattellidae中的分布和出现频率表明，在进化过程中，专门化的节的数量减少了，并且腺的位置从腹部的后部变为更前部的位置。背腺的“最佳”位置是前面，因为当雌性将她的口器放在腹部的前面时，两性的生殖器相对靠近，并且允许雄性更容易地抓住雌性。有一些迹象表明，在无翅和短翅的雄性中，有多种专业，那些由于失去翅膀而暴露出来的腺体变得减少或最终消失。其余腺体的保护也是由于它们在翼片上位置的改变（从后缘向前缘进化），或者是由于后段的长度缩短和伸缩，使得前一个翼片覆盖了专门的区域。
Male tergal glands in the Blattaria serve to maneuver the female into the proper precopulatory position and arrest her movement (while she “feeds” on the gland secretion, or palpates the male's dorsum) long enough for the male to clasp her genitalia. Although the glands occur in almost all families, they are rare in the Polyphagidae and Blaberidae. In the Blaberoidea, tergal glands show the greatest development and variation in the Blattellidae. When they occur in the Blaberidae (usually in the Epilamprinae) they may represent a relic character, from a blattellidlike ancestor.The tergal gland, when present in the Blattidae (Blattoidea), almost always occurs on the 1st abdominal segment only. In the Blattellidae the number of segments which are specialized may vary from 5 to 1. The greatest number of genera in this family have only 1 modification, and the 2 commonest positions are on segment 7 or 1. The distribution and frequency of occurrence of the tergal glands in the Blattellidae suggest that in the course of evolution there has been a reduction in the number of segments which are specialized and a change in the location of the glands from a posterior to a more anterior position on the abdomen. The “best” position for the tergal glands would be anterior, because when the female places her mouthparts in or palpatesa gland situated anteriorly on the abdomen, the genitalia of both sexes are relatively close together and would allow the male to grasp the female more readily.There is some indication that in apterous and brachypterous males that have multiple specializations, those glands that became exposed as a result of the loss of wings became reduced or were eventually lost. Protection of the remaining glands also resulted from a change in their position on the tergite (evolving from the posterior to the anterior margin) or by a reduction in the length and telescoping of the posterior segments, so that the preceding tergite covered the specialized area.