Developmental Control and Plasticity of Fruit and Seed Dimorphism in Aethionema arabicum
Developmental Control and Plasticity of Fruit and Seed Dimorphism in Aethionema arabicum
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.16.00838
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lenser, Teresa;Graeber, Kai;Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard
了解植物如何应对不断变化的栖息地是植物研究中一个及时而重要的课题。表型可塑性描述了基因型在暴露于不同环境条件时产生不同表型的能力。相比之下，一个基因型不断产生一组不同的表型会介导赌注对冲，这是一种以降低算术平均适应度为代价来减少适应度时间方差的策略。这两种现象被认为代表了对不稳定环境的重要适应策略。然而，人们对这些现象的潜在机制知之甚少，部分原因是缺乏合适的模型系统。我们利用果实和种子解剖学、生物力学、生理学和环境反应的系统发育和比较分析来研究一年生十字花科物种阿拉伯树的果实和种子异形性，这是植物对冲策略的典型形态基础。我们的结果表明，异形性在 Aethionemeae 内进化了两次，其中单系一年生 Aethionema 分支进化了一次。 Ae 的二态性。阿拉伯植物与果实和种子形态之间的一些解剖学、生物力学、基因表达和生理学差异有关。然而，果实的比例和数量会随着环境条件的不同而变化。因此，Ae的生活史策略。 arabicum 似乎是对冲和可塑性的结合。与可用的基因组资源一起，我们的结果为在未来的研究中使用该物种铺平了道路，旨在揭示异态性和可塑性的分子控制。
Understanding how plants cope with changing habitats is a timely and important topic in plant research. Phenotypic plasticity describes the capability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions. In contrast, the constant production of a set of distinct phenotypes by one genotype mediates bet hedging, a strategy that reduces the temporal variance in fitness at the expense of a lowered arithmetic mean fitness. Both phenomena are thought to represent important adaptation strategies to unstable environments. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena, partly due to the lack of suitable model systems. We used phylogenetic and comparative analyses of fruit and seed anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, and environmental responses to study fruit and seed heteromorphism, a typical morphological basis of a bet-hedging strategy of plants, in the annual Brassicaceae species Aethionema arabicum. Our results indicate that heteromorphism evolved twice within the Aethionemeae, including once for themonophyletic annual Aethionema clade. The dimorphism of Ae. arabicum is associated with several anatomic, biomechanical, gene expression, and physiological differences between the fruit and seed morphs. However, fruit ratios and numbers change in response to different environmental conditions. Therefore, the life-history strategy of Ae. arabicum appears to be a blend of bet hedging and plasticity. Together with the available genomic resources, our results pave the way to use this species in future studies intended to unravel the molecular control of heteromorphism and plasticity.