Young adult stimulant users' increased striatal activation during uncertainty is related to impulsivity
Young adult stimulant users' increased striatal activation during uncertainty is related to impulsivity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.011
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Paulus, Martin P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leland, David S.;Arce, Estibaliz;Paulus, Martin P.
背景资料。使用兴奋剂(如可卡因、安非他明)的年轻人特别有可能转变为依赖。此前，我们证明了使用兴奋剂的年轻人的冒险行为增加(Leland，D.S.，Paulus，M.P.，2005)。在使用兴奋剂的年轻人中，冒险决策增加，但对惩罚的反应没有改变。毒品。依赖酒精。78，83-90)。由于结果不确定性是风险的一个关键因素，我们调查了这些人是否有不同于他们的刺激天真的同龄人对不确定性的神经反应。11名使用过兴奋剂的年轻人(年龄18-25岁)与年龄和教育程度相匹配的未服用兴奋剂的对照组进行了功能磁共振成像比较，并在相对确定/不确定的结果条件下进行卡片预测任务。结果：参与处理显著事件的尾核是使用者在应对不确定性时比对照组更活跃的区域之一。人格测量显示，使用者比对照组更冲动，在包括丘脑/尾状核在内的许多区域对不确定性的神经反应与冲动呈正相关。结论：这些结果与这样的观点一致，即使用过兴奋剂的年轻人发现不确定性特别突出，部分原因是预先存在的冲动差异，在不确定的情况下做出决定时可能会受到更多的“行动压力”。这种神经和个性特征可能是兴奋剂使用风险增加的标志。(C)2006 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
Background. Young adults who use stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines) are at particular risk of transitioning to dependence. Previously, we demonstrated increased risk-taking in young adults who had used stimulants (Leland, D.S., Paulus, M.P., 2005. Increased risk-taking decision-making but not altered response to punishment in stimulant-using young adults. Drug. Alcohol Depend. 78, 83-90). Since outcome uncertainty is a critical element of risk, we investigated whether such individuals have different neural responses to uncertainty than their stimulant-naive peers.Method. Eleven young adults (age 18-25) who had used stimulants were compared with I I age- and education-matched stimulant-naive controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a card prediction task with relatively certain/uncertain outcome conditions.Results: The caudate, an area involved in processing salient events, was among those regions more active in users than controls in response to uncertainty. Personality measures revealed that users were more impulsive than controls, and that neural response to uncertainty in a number of areas, including the thalamus/caudate, was positively correlated with impulsivity.Conclusions: These results are consistent with the idea that young adults who have used stimulants find uncertainty particularly salient, due in part to preexisting differences in impulsivity, and may be subject to more "action pressure" when making decisions under uncertainty. This neural and personality profile may constitute a marker for increased risk of stimulant use. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.