Predictors and respiratory depositions of airborne endotoxin in homes using biomass fuels and LPG gas for cooking.
Predictors and respiratory depositions of airborne endotoxin in homes using biomass fuels and LPG gas for cooking.
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使用生物质燃料和液化石油气做饭的家庭中空气中内毒素的预测因子和呼吸沉积。
DOI：
10.1038/jes.2016.5
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Panigrahi,Pinaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Padhi,BijayaK;Adhikari,Atin;Satapathy,Prakasini;Patra,AlokK;Chandel,Dinesh;Panigrahi,Pinaki
最近的研究强调了室内空气中内毒素的存在及其在呼吸道疾病中的作用。燃烧家用燃料，包括未加工的木材和干燥的动物粪便，可能是家庭内毒素的主要来源。我们测量了空气中不同粒径的颗粒物（PM10，PM2. 5）中的内毒素水平。5和PM 1），并估计颗粒结合的内毒素在呼吸道中的沉积。该研究在燃烧固体生物质燃料（n= 35）和LPG（n= 35）的家庭中进行。分析样品过滤器的内毒素和有机碳（OC）含量。还记录了家庭特征，包括温度、相对湿度和二氧化碳水平。采用多元回归模型估计空气中内毒素的影响因素。使用基于计算机的模型计算呼吸沉积剂量。我们发现PM2中的内毒素浓度较高。液化石油气（中位数：110，四分位数范围（IQR）100-120 EU/m 3）和生物质（中位数：350，IQR：315-430 EU/m 3）燃烧房屋中的颗粒的5个分数。在多变量调整模型中，固体生物质燃料燃烧（β：67; 95%CI：10.5-124）是最重要的预测因子，其次是OC（β：4.7; 95%CI：2.7-6.8）、RH（β：1.6; 95%CI：0.76-2.4）和PM2。5（β：0.45; 95% CI：0.11-0.78）（P< 0.05）。我们还观察到PM有机碳含量和家庭燃料之间的相互作用，在预测内毒素水平。模型计算表明，在生物质燃烧的家庭中，婴儿（59%）的总内毒素沉积高于成年男性（47%），其中至少10%的吸入内毒素沉积在肺泡区域。这些结果表明，细颗粒是肺肺泡区域内毒素沉积的重要因素。考虑到内毒素暴露的重要作用，以及暴露的来源和时间对呼吸系统健康的影响，需要进行更多的研究来指导循证公共卫生干预措施。
Recent studies have highlighted the presence of endotoxin in indoor air and its role in respiratory morbidities. Burning of household fuels including unprocessed wood and dried animal dung could be a major source of endotoxin in homes. We measured endotoxin levels in different size fractions of airborne particles (PM10, PM2. 5, and PM1), and estimated the deposition of particle-bound endotoxin in the respiratory tract. The study was carried out in homes burning solid biomass fuel (n= 35) and LPG (n= 35). Sample filters were analyzed for endotoxin and organic carbon (OC) content. Household characteristics including temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide levels were also recorded. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate the contributing factors for airborne endotoxin. Respiratory deposition doses were calculated using a computer-based model. We found a higher endotoxin concentration in PM2. 5 fractions of the particle in both LPG (median: 110, interquartile range (IQR) 100–120 EU/m 3) and biomass (median: 350, IQR: 315–430 EU/m 3) burning homes. In the multivariate-adjusted model, burning of solid biomass fuel (β: 67; 95% CI: 10.5–124) emerged as the most significant predictor followed by OC (β: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.7–6.8), RH (β: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.76–2.4), and PM2. 5 (β: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.11–0.78) for airborne endotoxin (P< 0.05). We also observed an interaction between PM organic carbon content and household fuel in predicting the endotoxin levels. The model calculations showed that in biomass burning homes, total endotoxin deposition was higher among infants (59%) than in adult males (47%), of which at least 10% of inhaled endotoxin is deposited in the alveolar region of the lung. These results indicate that fine particles are significant contributors to the deposition of endotoxin in the alveolar region of the lung. Considering the paramount role of endotoxin exposure, and the source and timing of exposure on respiratory health, additional studies are warranted to guide evidence-based public health interventions.