Recognizing and identifying people: A neuropsychological review.
Recognizing and identifying people: A neuropsychological review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.023
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发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Corrow SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barton JJS;Corrow SL
识别人是认知功能的一个经典例子，涉及多个处理阶段和信息的并行路径。神经心理学数据为这一过程的模型提供了重要的证据，特别是来自病例报告的数据;然而，不同研究之间的数据质量和范围差异很大。在这篇综述中，我们首先讨论了神经心理学证据的类型的要求和逻辑基础，以支持在这个过程中的模块的结论。然后，我们调查目前的报告是否足以解决两个关键问题。首先是哪种认知操作产生了熟悉感的问题：目前的争论围绕着熟悉感是否产生于特定模态的识别单元或后来的非模态过程。关于这一点的关键证据来自于对面孔、声音和名字的熟悉程度之间的分离的研究。第二个问题是，病变是否会对连接不同来源的个人信息（如面部、声音、姓名、传记数据）的能力产生差异性影响。这些联系的解离可能有利于一个分布式的语义知识组织模型，而一个“人枢纽”模型将预测统一的所有联系的损害。虽然我们的结论是，有合理的证据解离的名字，声音和面孔熟悉的第一个问题，证据支持或反对解离的联系信息存储在第二个方面是脆弱的。我们确定在目前的文献中的不足之处，应该激励和通知未来的研究设计。
Recognizing people is a classic example of a cognitive function that involves multiple processing stages and parallel routes of information. Neuropsychological data have provided important evidence for models of this process, particularly from case reports; however, the quality and extent of the data varies widely between studies. In this review we first discuss the requirements and logical basis of the types of neuropsychological evidence to support conclusions about the modules in this process. We then survey the adequacy of the current body of reports to address two key issues. First is the question of which cognitive operation generates a sense of familiarity: the current debate revolves around whether familiarity arises in modality-specific recognition units or later amodal processes. Key evidence on this point comes from the search for dissociations between familiarity for faces, voices and names. The second question is whether lesions can differentially affect the abilities to link diverse sources of person information (e.g. face, voice, name, biographic data). Dissociations of these linkages may favour a distributed-only model of the organization of semantic knowledge, whereas a ‘person-hub’ model would predict uniform impairments of all linkages. While we conclude that there is reasonable evidence for dissociations in name, voice and face familiarity in regards to the first question, the evidence for or against dissociated linkages between information stores in regards to the second is tenuous at best. We identify deficiencies in the current literature that should motivate and inform the design of future studies.