Memory deficits in chronic alcoholics: continuities between the "intact" alcoholic and the alcoholic Korsakoff patient.
Memory deficits in chronic alcoholics: continuities between the "intact" alcoholic and the alcoholic Korsakoff patient.
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慢性酗酒者的记忆缺陷：“完整”的酗酒者和酗酒的科尔萨科夫患者之间的连续性。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1980
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Didario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christopher M. Ryan;N. Butters;K. Montgomery;A. Adinolfi;B. Didario
在过去的二十年里，人们对一种相对罕见的酗酒者--患有科萨科夫综合征的酗酒者--的认知缺陷进行了广泛的研究。Talland，1965; Butters & Cermak，1974，1976）。这项研究的大部分集中在科尔萨科夫患者的严重顺行性遗忘症。在临床上，这些人难以将新信息保持超过几分钟，并且在各种正式的语言学习和短期记忆任务（例如，Cermak，Butters，& Goodglass，1971; Cermak & Butters，1973）。最近的研究将这些缺陷归因于这些患者使用的记忆策略类型的改变。与神经功能正常的对照组相比，科萨科夫患者不太可能自发地排练言语信息（Cermak，Naus，& Reale，1976），更可能编码语音，而不是语义，要记住的材料的特征（Cermak，Butters，& Gerrein，1973）。这种更原始的处理被认为产生相对脆弱的记忆痕迹（Craik，1973; Cermak，1977）。也许是由于这种编码缺陷，科尔萨科夫患者也表现出对前摄干扰效应的显著敏感性（Cermak & Butters，1972）。
The past twenty years have seen extensive study of cognitive deficits in a relatively rare species of alcoholic — the alcoholic with Korsakoff’s syndrome (e.g., Talland, 1965; Butters & Cermak, 1974, 1976). Much of this research has focused on the Korsakoff patients’ severe anterograde amnesia. Clinically, such individuals have difficulty retaining new information for more than a few minutes, and perform poorly on a wide variety of formal verbal learning and short-term memory tasks (e.g., Cermak, Butters, & Goodglass, 1971; Cermak & Butters, 1973). Recent studies have attributed these deficits to an alteration in the types of remembering strategies used by such patients. Compared to neurologically intact control subjects, Korsakoff patients are less likely to spontaneously rehearse verbal information (Cermak, Naus, & Reale, 1976), and are more likely to encode the phonemic, rather than the semantic, features of the to-be-remembered material (Cermak, Butters, & Gerrein, 1973). This more primitive processing is thought to produce relatively fragile memory traces (Craik, 1973; Cermak, 1977). Perhaps as a result of this defective encoding, Korsakoff patients also display a remarkable sensitivity to the effects of proactive interference (Cermak & Butters, 1972).