Volcanism and palaeoclimate change drive diversification of the world's largest whip spider (Amblypygi)
Volcanism and palaeoclimate change drive diversification of the world's largest whip spider (Amblypygi)
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.15924
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Frederic D. Schramm;Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón;L. Prendini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frederic D. Schramm;Alejandro Valdez-Mondragón;L. Prendini
热带地区拥有地球上许多生物多样性最丰富的地区，但人们对产生这种多样性的过程知之甚少。本研究以分布于墨西哥热带落叶林中的单型鞭蛛（Amblypygi）属棘蛛为研究对象，探讨了生态需求狭窄、传播能力有限的节肢动物多样性的驱动因素。我们假设，对于这些生物来说，热带落叶森林是传播的渠道，它们的消失造成了障碍。考虑到这些森林位于一个复杂的地质历史区域，并且在上新世-更新世冰期/间冰期循环期间它们的范围波动，我们结合分子分化定年、古气候生态位模型和祖先区域重建来测试栖息地破碎化是否以及何时促进了棘果属的多样化。结合景观变化的预期作用，我们证明了晚中新世或上新世早期（695 - 521万年前）跨墨西哥火山带的造山运动推动了棘棘属最早的分化。同样，正如预期的那样，冰川的晚起强烈地影响了多样化。南部地区的气候较为稳定，有利于物种进一步多样化，而冰川时期适宜栖息地的明显丧失，只会使北部地区的物种分散和多样化晚些时候发生，从而导致该地区整体多样性较低。棘棘属中发现的障碍和多样化模式反映在共分布的脊椎动物和节肢动物的系统地理学中，强调了跨墨西哥火山带造山运动和冰期/间冰期旋回作为墨西哥新热带多样化驱动因素的深远影响。
The tropics contain many of the most biodiverse regions on Earth but the processes responsible for generating this diversity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the drivers of diversification in arthropods with stenotopic ecological requirements and limited dispersal capability using as a model the monotypic whip spider (Amblypygi) genus Acanthophrynus, widespread in the tropical deciduous forests of Mexico. We hypothesized that for these organisms, the tropical deciduous forests serve as a conduit for dispersal, with their disappearance imposing barriers. Given that these forests are located in a region of complex geological history and that they fluctuated in extent during the Pliocene–Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles we combine molecular divergence dating, palaeoclimatic niche modelling and ancestral area reconstruction to test if and when habitat fragmentation promoted diversification in Acanthophrynus. Concomitant with the expected role of landscape change, we demonstrate that orogeny of the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene (6.95–5.21 million years ago), drove the earliest divergence of Acanthophrynus by vicariance. Similarly, as expected, the later onset of glaciations strongly impacted diversification. Whereas a more stable climate in the southern part of the distribution enabled further diversification, a marked loss of suitable habitat during the glaciations only allowed dispersal and diversification in the north to occur later, resulting in a lower overall diversity in this region. Barriers and diversification patterns identified in Acanthophrynus are reflected in the phylogeography of codistributed vertebrates and arthropods, emphasizing the profound impact of Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt orogeny and glacial/interglacial cycles as drivers of diversification in the Mexican Neotropics.