Distribution and Density of Tsetse Flies (Glossinidae: Diptera) at the Game/People/Livestock Interface of the Nkhotakota Game Reserve Human Sleeping Sickness Focus in Malawi
Distribution and Density of Tsetse Flies (Glossinidae: Diptera) at the Game/People/Livestock Interface of the Nkhotakota Game Reserve Human Sleeping Sickness Focus in Malawi
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DOI：
10.1007/s10393-009-0252-y
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Van den Bossche, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gondwe, Nkwachi;Marcotty, Tanguy;Van den Bossche, Peter
在撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分地区，采采蝇是非洲人或动物锥虫病的媒介，现在或在可预见的未来，仅限于野生动物或国家公园等保护区。人和牲畜的挑战很可能发生在这种疫区的猎物/牲畜/人的界面上。由于保护区的采采热控制很困难，人和/或牲畜中锥虫病的管理需要很好地了解沿这种界面的采采热种群动态。Nkhotakota野生动物保护区是马拉维人类锥虫病的重要疫源地，是采采集出没的保护区，周围几乎没有采采区。在15个月的时间里，使用epsilon陷阱监测了保护区内外界面上的采采虫(Glossina Morsitans Morsitans)的丰度。一张土地覆盖地图描述了陷阱周围的植被。保护区外捕获的苍蝇寥寥无几。在内部，界面处的采采物丰度较低，但在远离边界的地方有所增加。采采物在保护区内分布不均匀，归因于采采物的主要宿主野生动物分布不均匀，集中在保护区内更深处。因此，预计人和牲畜在交界处面临的挑战较低，锥虫病病例可能是由于人和/或牲畜进入保护区造成的。通过提高人们对进入保护区的危险的认识，可以有效地控制人和牲畜中的锥虫病。
In large parts sub-Saharan Africa, tsetse flies, the vectors of African human or animal trypanosomiasis, are, or will in the foreseeable future, be confined to protected areas such as game or national parks. Challenge of people and livestock is likely to occur at the game/livestock/people interface of such infested areas. Since tsetse control in protected areas is difficult, management of trypanosomiasis in people and/or livestock requires a good understanding of tsetse population dynamics along such interfaces. The Nkhotakota Game Reserve, an important focus of human trypanosomiasis in Malawi, is a tsetse-infested protected area surrounded by a virtually tsetse-free zone. The abundance of tsetse (Glossina morsitans morsitans) along the interface, within and outside the game reserve, was monitored over 15 months using epsilon traps. A land cover map described the vegetation surrounding the traps. Few flies were captured outside the reserve. Inside, the abundance of tsetse at the interface was low but increased away from the boundary. This uneven distribution of tsetse inside the reserve is attributed to the uneven distribution of wildlife, the main host of tsetse, being concentrated deeper inside the reserve. Challenge of people and livestock at the interface is thus expected to be low, and cases of trypanosomiasis are likely due to people and/or livestock entering the reserve. Effective control of trypanosomiasis in people and livestock could be achieved by increasing the awareness among people of dangers associated with entering the reserve.