Paralytic phycotoxins in monk seal mass mortality
Paralytic phycotoxins in monk seal mass mortality
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DOI：
10.1136/vr.142.23.643
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发表时间：
1998-06-06
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Lopez-Rodas, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costas, E;Lopez-Rodas, V
地中海僧海豹（Monachus monachus）是一种极度濒危的鳍足类动物，有两个亚群：一个是生活在地中海的约500种动物（Reijnders等人，1993年），另一个是生活在西撒哈拉的Cap Blanc海岸的约300种动物（Gonzalez等人，1997年）。自1993年4月以来，巴拉圭国家保护局和巴塞罗那大学动物生物学系一直在对白浪角的亚种群进行监测。直到1997年5月，在两个半月的时间里，总共发现了117具海豹尸体，才发现种群中有异常死亡。西班牙僧海豹项目/Life-CE项目和毛里塔尼亚国家海洋学和渔业研究中心估计，在此期间，总人口的67%（成年人口的79%）可能死亡。为了阐明这种死亡的原因，在有毒事件期间，对来自CapBlanc地点的有毒海洋浮游植物进行了分析，并检查了死亡僧海豹的肝脏和神经系统中是否存在藻毒素。在CapBlanc的沃茨收集了海水样品（北纬210 16 '和北纬200 16'之间，西经170 24 '之间）。一些等分试样用lugol溶液固定，用于浮游植物鉴定，其他等分试样用3%缓冲甲醛固定，用于有毒微藻的免疫鉴定。此外，将离心收集的浮游植物浓缩物冷冻在-20 ℃下用于检测藻毒素。许多僧海豹尸体显示出明显的自溶，因为它们在被发现之前已经在海里呆了几天。然而，从六个保存最好的尸体（估计在检查前一至六天死亡）中收集肝脏和脑组织，冷冻在-400 ℃下，随后分析藻毒素的存在。未暴露实验室小鼠的肝脏和大脑用作阴性对照。
THE Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a critically endangered pinniped with two subpopulations: one of about 500 animals living within the Mediterranean sea (Reijnders and others 1993), and the other of about 300 animals living off the Cap Blanc coast of Western Sahara (Gonzalez and others 1997). The subpopulation of Cap Blanc has been continuously monitored since April 1993 by the Parc National du Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanian National Conservation Authority) and the Department of Animal Biology, University of Barcelona. No abnormal mortalities within the population were detected until May 1997 when a total of 117 seal carcases were found over a period of two-and-a-half months. The Spanish Monk Seal Project/Life-CE project and the National Center for Oceanographic and Fisheries Research, Mauritania, estimated that about 67 per cent of the total population (and79 per cent of the adult population) may have died during thisperiod. In an attempt to elucidate the causes of this die-off, an analysis of toxic marine phytoplankton from the Cap Blanc location was undertaken during the toxic event, and the liver and nervous sys-tems of dead monk seals were examined for the presence of phycotoxins.Seawater samples were collected in the waters of Cap Blanc (between 210 16'N and 200 16'N latitude, and 170 24'W longitude) during May 1997. Some aliquots were fixed with lugol solution for phytoplankton identification, others were fixed in 3 per cent buffered formaldehyde for immunological identification of toxic microalgae. In addition, phytoplankton concentrates, collected by centrifugation, were frozen at-20 C for the detection of phycotoxins. Many of the monk seal carcases showed marked autolysis because they had been in the sea for some days before they were discovered. However, liver and brain tissues were col-lected from the six best preserved carcases (which were estimated to have died between one and six days before examination), frozen at-400C, and later analysed for the presence of phycotoxins. Liver and brains from unexposed laboratory mice were used as negative controls.