Metabolic Syndrome-Role of Dietary Fat Type and Quantity
Metabolic Syndrome-Role of Dietary Fat Type and Quantity
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DOI：
10.3390/nu11071438
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Clifton, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clifton, Peter
背景：代谢综合征增加心血管疾病（CVD）的风险超过2型糖尿病。治疗代谢综合征的最佳饮食尚不清楚。材料与方法：仅使用最近的荟萃分析（如果可用）对代谢综合征志愿者的饮食干预以及检查膳食脂肪对代谢综合征各个组成部分的影响的研究进行了综述。结果如下：大多数数据表明，用任何脂肪替代碳水化合物，特别是多不饱和脂肪，会降低甘油三酯（TG），增加高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇，降低血压，但对正常志愿者的空腹血糖或胰岛素敏感性没有影响，如正常血糖高胰岛素钳夹所评估的。空腹胰岛素可能会被脂肪降低。单不饱和脂肪（MUFA）比多不饱和脂肪（PUFA）更适合空腹胰岛素和血糖降低。添加3-4克N3脂肪将降低TG和血压（BP），并减少代谢综合征受试者的比例。在队列研究中，乳脂（50%饱和脂肪）也与代谢综合征的发病率较低有关。
Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over and above that related to type 2 diabetes. The optimal diet for the treatment of metabolic syndrome is not clear. Materials and Methods: A review of dietary interventions in volunteers with metabolic syndrome as well as studies examining the impact of dietary fat on the separate components of metabolic syndrome was undertaken using only recent meta-analyses, if available. Results: Most of the data suggest that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, but particularly polyunsaturated fat, will lower triglyceride(TG), increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, but have no effects on fasting glucose in normal volunteers or insulin sensitivity, as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Fasting insulin may be lowered by fat. Monounsaturated fat (MUFA) is preferable to polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) for fasting insulin and glucose lowering. The addition of 3-4 g of N3 fats will lower TG and blood pressure (BP) and reduce the proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Dairy fat (50% saturated fat) is also related to a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in cohort studies.