A METHOD OF SERUM TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC SEPTICEMIA IN RABBITS.
A METHOD OF SERUM TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC SEPTICEMIA IN RABBITS.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.22.4.466
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发表时间：
1915-10-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bull, C G
中科院分区：
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作者：
Bull, C G
用大剂量的免疫血清治疗兔的肺炎球菌败血症是有害的，因为血清会在血液中形成大的细菌团块，这些细菌团块主要被肺部血管清除，它们在其中积聚并阻碍循环。当大剂量的血清接着小剂量的血清时，形成的小团块沉积在脾脏、肝脏和其他器官中，也是有害的。在这种情况下，大量的血清在促进中毒的条件下导致肺炎球菌的破坏。这种作用的确切机制尚不清楚。用小剂量重复免疫血清治疗家兔肺炎球菌败血症是可行的。通过这种方式在器官中被吞噬而被破坏的肺炎球菌数量是非常大的。并不是所有重复注射小剂量血清的兔子都能存活。那些死亡的不是一般感染，而是肺炎球菌性脑膜炎。对这种现象的解释很简单。当最初接种的肺炎球菌数量很大时，一小部分进入硬膜下间隙。在这个空间里的那些不受血清的影响，因此它们没有凝集和准备吞噬，因此它们繁殖并引起致命的脑膜炎。以这种方式施用的免疫血清对强毒性肺炎球菌的活性是如此之大，以致于我们对抗感染血清作用范围的观念似乎有必要加以修正。显然，问题不仅仅是免疫机体的数量与细菌的数量之间的关系。它比这个概念所表明的要复杂得多。白细胞的因素及其在实验条件下可能的活动程度起作用。今后，在确定抗感染血清的作用方式和作用力时，必须更严格地考虑机体力的合作条件。
The treatment of pneumococcic septicemia in the rabbits by large doses of immune serum is detrimental, since the serum causes the formation of large clumps of bacteria in the blood which are taken out chiefly by the vessels of the lungs in which they accumulate and impede the circulation. The large doses of serum are also detrimental when they follow upon small ones through which the small clumps formed are deposited in the spleen, liver, and other organs. In this instance, the large amount of serum leads to the destruction of the pneumococci under conditions which promote an intoxication. The precise mechanism of this action is not known. The treatment of pneumococcic septicemia in rabbits by small repeated doses of immune serum can be successfully carried out. The number of pneumococci capable of being brought to destruction through phagocytosis in the organs in this way is very great. Not all the rabbits treated with small repeated doses of the serum survive. Those that succumb do so not to a general infection but to a pneumococcus meningitis. The explanation of this phenomenon is simple. When the number of pneumococci originally inoculated is very great a small number penetrate into the subdural space. Those in this space do not come under the influence of the serum, hence they are not agglutinated and prepared for phagocytosis, whence they multiply and set up a fatal meningitis. The activity of the immune serum administered in this way against virulent pneumococci is so great that a revision of our notions in the limit of powers of the anti-infectious sera seems necessary. It is patent that the problem is not simply a relation between quantity of immune bodies and number of bacteria. It is more complex than that conception indicates. The factor of the leucocytes and the degree of their possible activities under the conditions of the experiment come into play. Hereafter, in defining the mode and power of action of anti-infectious sera the condition of cooperation of the body-forces will have to be more strictly considered.