Persistent polyamorphism in the chiton tooth: From a new biomineral to inks for additive manufacturing

Persistent polyamorphism in the chiton tooth: From a new biomineral to inks for additive manufacturing
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石鳖牙齿中的持久多晶性:从新型生物矿物到增材制造油墨

DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2020160118
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Joester, Derk
Joester, Derk
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stegbauer, Linus;Smeets, Paul J. M.;Free, Robert;Wallace, Shay G.;Hersam, Mark C.;Alp, Esen E.;Joester, Derk

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在具有不同机械性能的元件之间架起桥梁的工程结构是一项重大挑战。有机体通过创造复杂的形状来获得协同效应,这些形状是错综复杂的。例如,当软体动物在岩石上吃草和侵蚀岩石时,石鳖齿的耐磨尖端与逐渐变软的微结构单元协同工作。在这里,我们专注于连接超硬和刚性齿头的柔性齿舌膜的触针。使用特别适合于探测高空间分辨率铁的丰富化学成分的技术,特别是同步穆斯堡尔和X射线吸收光谱,我们发现Cryptochiton stelleri的上针实际上是一个矿化组织。值得注意的是,无机相是纳米分散的santabarbaraite,一种无定形羟基磷酸铁,尚未观察到作为生物矿物。两个持久的多晶相,无定形磷酸铁和santabarbaraite,在接近的存在下,是一个独特的方面,证明了在C相变的控制水平。恒星识别触针是一种高等级材料,其矿物质含量和机械性能在数百微米的距离内变化3至8倍,在软齿舌和硬齿头之间无缝桥接。铁含量低且水含量高的非晶相的使用可能是增加触针的比强度的关键。最后,我们表明,我们可以将这些见解提炼成用于高度可调的壳聚糖基复合材料的增材制造的油墨设计标准。
Engineering structures that bridge between elements with disparate mechanical properties are a significant challenge. Organisms reap synergy by creating complex shapes that are intricately graded. For instance, the wear-resistant cusp of the chiton radula tooth works in concert with progressively softer microarchitectural units as the mollusk grazes on and erodes rock. Herein, we focus on the stylus that connects the ultrahard and stiff tooth head to the flexible radula membrane. Using techniques that are especially suited to probe the rich chemistry of iron at high spatial resolution, in particular synchrotron Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we find that the upper stylus ofCryptochiton stelleriis in fact a mineralized tissue. Remarkably, the inorganic phase is nano disperse santabarbaraite, an amorphous ferric hydroxyphosphate that has not been observed as a biomineral. The presence of two persistent polyamorphic phases, amorphous ferric phosphate and santabarbaraite, in close proximity, is a unique aspect that demonstrates the level of control over phase transformations inC. stelleridentition. The stylus is a highly graded material in that its mineral content and mechanical properties vary by a factor of 3 to 8 over distances of a few hundred micrometers, seamlessly bridging between the soft radula and the hard tooth head. The use of amorphous phases that are low in iron and high in water content may be key to increasing the specific strength of the stylus. Finally, we show that we can distill these insights into design criteria for inks for additive manufacturing of highly tunable chitosan-based composites.
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