Characteristics, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of the Pearl River Delta, South China
Characteristics, source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust of the Pearl River Delta, South China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113490
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发表时间：
2022-04-07
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Hu, Guocheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Chushan;Zhang, Lijuan;Hu, Guocheng
为调查珠江三角洲不同城市和功能区城市道路灰尘中重金属（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni、Zn）的特征，对294个灰尘样品进行了分析。评估粉尘中重金属的污染特征和健康风险，区分其化学形态，并通过相关性、聚类和主成分分析（PCA）识别其来源。城市道路灰尘中As（15.89 mg/kg）、Cd（1.59 mg/kg）、Cr（143.75 mg/kg）、Cu（184.42 mg/kg）、Pb（114.82 mg/kg）、Hg（0.11 mg/kg）、Ni（41.53 mg/kg）和Zn（645.94 mg/kg）平均浓度与其他先前的研究。其中，工业区（IA）的Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn污染和商业区（CA）的Cd、Hg污染显着高于其他功能区（P < 0.05），佛山市重金属污染显着高于其他城市（P < 0.01）。珠江三角洲城市道路灰尘中浓度较高的重金属迁移率由高到低依次为Zn、Ni、Cu、Pb、Cr。统计分析结果表明，城市道路扬尘中重金属污染主要来自工业活动、交通活动和建筑污染。对成人没有显着的致癌和非致癌风险，而儿童则在部分点上表现出由As和Cr引起的显着的非致癌作用，尽管这两种金属的污染水平较低。摄入是重金属通过城市道路灰尘到达暴露人群的主要途径。应考虑采取更多保护措施，减少儿童接触灰尘的机会，特别是在CA和IA。
To investigate the characteristics of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni and Zn) in urban road dust from different cities and functional areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), South China, a total of 294 dust samples were analyzed. The contamination characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in the dust were assessed, their chemical speciation were distinguished, and their sources were identified by the correlations, cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). The mean concentrations of As (15.89 mg/kg), Cd (1.59 mg/kg), Cr (143.75 mg/kg), Cu (184.42 mg/kg), Pb (114.82 mg/kg), Hg (0.11 mg/kg), Ni (41.53 mg/kg) and Zn (645.94 mg/kg) in urban road dust were in high or moderate levels compare with other previous researches. In this case, the contamination of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the industrial area (IA) and the contamination of Cd and Hg in the commercial area (CA) were significantly higher relative to other functional areas (P < 0.05), and the contamination of heavy metals in Foshan City was significantly higher than other cities (P < 0.01). The order of mobility of the heavy metals with higher concentration in urban road dust of the Pearl River Delta declined in the following order: Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cr. Statistical analysis result showed the contaminated heavy metals in urban road dust were mainly contributed by industrial activities, traffic activities and building pollution. There were no significant carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks for adults, children however showed significant noncarcinogenic effect caused by As and Cr in partial points, albeit with low contamination level of the two metals. The ingestion was a principal pathway for heavy metals via urban road dust to exposure population. More protection measures should be considered to reduce children's exposure to the dust, especially in the CA and IA.