Influence of the Sea Surface Microlayer on Oceanic Iodine Emissions.

Influence of the Sea Surface Microlayer on Oceanic Iodine Emissions.
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.0c02736
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发表时间:
2020-10-20
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Carpenter LJ
Carpenter LJ
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tinel L;Adams TJ;Hollis LDJ;Bridger AJM;Chance RJ;Ward MW;Ball SM;Carpenter LJ

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在实验室和模型研究中,使用人工溶液、天然地下海水 (SSW) 以及首次使用表面微层 (SML) 样品,研究了有机化合物对海面 O3 + I– 反应产生的碘 (I2) 排放的影响。使用宽带腔增强吸收光谱直接在液体样品表面上方测量气相 I2。人工海水 (AS) 的 I2 排放量始终低于缓冲碘化钾 (KI) 溶液。与具有同等 [I–] 的人工解决方案相比,天然海水样品显示 I2 排放量减少幅度最大,并且 SML 的减少量比 SSW 更明显。 SML 样品中挥发性有机碘 (VOI) 的排放量最高,但占总碘通量的比例仍可忽略不计 (<1%)。因此,天然海水中碘排放量的减少不能用 I2 或次碘酸 (HOI) 的化学损失(导致 VOI)来解释。界面模型通过 I2 产品在富含有机物的海水界面层中溶解度的增加来解释这种减少。我们的结果强调了在 O3 + I– 反应研究中使用环境代表性浓度的重要性,并证明了 SML 对碘和其他潜在挥发性物质排放的影响。
The influence of organic compounds on iodine (I2) emissions from the O3 + I– reaction at the sea surface was investigated in laboratory and modeling studies using artificial solutions, natural subsurface seawater (SSW), and, for the first time, samples of the surface microlayer (SML). Gas-phase I2 was measured directly above the surface of liquid samples using broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. I2 emissions were consistently lower for artificial seawater (AS) than buffered potassium iodide (KI) solutions. Natural seawater samples showed the strongest reduction of I2 emissions compared to artificial solutions with equivalent [I–], and the reduction was more pronounced over SML than SSW. Emissions of volatile organic iodine (VOI) were highest from SML samples but remained a negligible fraction (<1%) of the total iodine flux. Therefore, reduced iodine emissions from natural seawater cannot be explained by chemical losses of I2 or hypoiodous acid (HOI), leading to VOI. An interfacial model explains this reduction by increased solubility of the I2 product in the organic-rich interfacial layer of seawater. Our results highlight the importance of using environmentally representative concentrations in studies of the O3 + I– reaction and demonstrate the influence the SML exerts on emissions of iodine and potentially other volatile species.
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