Physical forcing in the southwest Atlantic: ecosystem control
Physical forcing in the southwest Atlantic: ecosystem control
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西南大西洋的物理强迫：生态系统控制
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511541964.004
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
S. Thorpe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Trathan;E. Murphy;J. Forcada;J. Croxall;K. Reid;S. Thorpe
在南大洋的西南大西洋部分，自上个世纪初以来，就记录了物理环境的时间变化。例如，南格鲁吉亚的海面温度显示出大约3至4年的周期性。南格鲁吉亚的变化也反映了太平洋的温度波动，太平洋领先南格鲁吉亚约3年。南格鲁吉亚磷虾生物量的增加与寒冷时期相吻合。相比之下，捕食者繁殖性能下降的时期与温暖异常时期密切相关，但这些时期滞后了几个月。对于某些掠食者来说，最关键的时期似乎是在前一年的夏季和初秋的繁殖季节之前。捕食者的繁殖性能和物理环境之间的这种关系最有可能反映猎物（磷虾）的可用性。南大洋的物理变率在南大洋，物理异常的相位关系（例如Lemke等人，1980年，Zwally等人，1983年），这种异常的运动已经被确定，并与洋流的运输联系起来（例如Lemke等人，1980年; Jacka和Budd，1991年），主要是南极绕极流（ACC），它以不间断的流动连接主要的海洋盆地。事实上，现在认为ACC在太平洋、大西洋和印度洋之间的气候变率转移中起着重要作用（Murphy et al. 1995，白色& Peterson 1996，Connolley 2002，Trathan & Murphy 2002）。
In the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, temporal variability in the physical environment has been recorded since the early part of the last century. For example, sea-surface temperature at South Georgia shows periodicity of approximately 3 to 4 years. Variability at South Georgia also reflects temperature fluctuations in the Pacific, with the Pacific leading South Georgia by approximately 3 years. Increased krill biomass at South Georgia coincides with cold periods. In contrast, periods of reduced predator breeding performance are strongly correlated with warm anomaly periods, but these lag behind by a number of months. For some predators the most critical periods appear to be prior to the breeding season during the summer and early autumn of the preceding year. Such relationships between predator breeding performance and the physical environment most probably reflect prey (krill) availability. PHYSICAL VARIABILITY IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN In the Southern Ocean, phase relationships in physical anomalies (e.g. Lemke et al. 1980, Zwally et al. 1983) and the movement of such anomalies have been identified and linked with transport by ocean currents (e.g. Lemke et al. 1980, Jacka & Budd 1991), principally the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) which connects the major ocean basins in an unbroken flow. Indeed, it is now thought that the ACC plays an important role in the transfer of climatic variability between the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans (Murphy et al. 1995, White & Peterson 1996, Connolley 2002, Trathan & Murphy 2002).