Evaluating the Cognitive Reflection Test as a Measure of Intuition/Reflection, Numeracy, and Insight Problem Solving, and the Implications for Understanding Real-World Judgments and Beliefs
Evaluating the Cognitive Reflection Test as a Measure of Intuition/Reflection, Numeracy, and Insight Problem Solving, and the Implications for Understanding Real-World Judgments and Beliefs
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000592
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Scherer, Laura D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patel, Niraj;Baker, S. Glenn;Scherer, Laura D.
认知反射测试（CRT）越来越多地主导了关于直觉/反射思维倾向的个体差异的理论，它与许多现实世界的信仰和判断有关，如宗教信仰，超自然信仰和道德判断。CRT触发常见的不正确的反应，很容易想到，它经常被认为是认识到这个错误是等于解决问题。因此，CRT上的错误答案据称表明直觉思维过程，而正确答案据称表明反思思维过程。也有人认为，CRT问题是从根本上不同的洞察力问题，因为洞察力问题往往会导致人们坐在迷失的思想，无法确定一个解决方案，直到他们正确地重新构建它。目前的研究测试这些假设，并发现，相当一部分人有困难解决CRT问题，即使是在“直觉”的反应是不可用的，正确的答案是四个选择题，他们需要时间来思考。CRT和信仰之间的关联（宗教信仰，超自然信仰，道德判断等）即使在CRT错误似乎是由更多的反思而不是正确的反应造成的条件下，它仍然存在。此外，多维项目反应理论模型表明，CRT加载到计算和洞察力问题解决能力的因素，而不是自己的独特因素。回归分析还表明，计算能力和洞察力可以解释CRT和现实世界的信念之间的许多关联。更广泛的影响，推理和判断的双过程理论进行了讨论。
The cognitive reflection test (CRT) has increasingly dominated theorizing about individual differences in intuitive/reflective thinking propensities, and it is associated with many real-world beliefs and judgments, such as religiosity, paranormal beliefs, and moral judgments. The CRT triggers common incorrect responses that come to mind easily, and it is frequently assumed that recognizing this error is tantamount to solving the problems. As a result, incorrect answers on the CRT purportedly indicate an intuitive thought process, whereas correct answers purportedly indicate a reflective thought process. It has also been argued that the CRT problems are fundamentally different from insight problems because insight problems often cause people to sit lost in thought, unable to identify a solution until they correctly reframe it. The present research tested these assumptions and found that a substantial proportion of people have difficulty solving the CRT problems even when the "intuitive" response is unavailable to them, the correct answer is among four multiple-choice options, and they take time to reflect. Associations between the CRT and beliefs (religiosity, paranormal beliefs, moral judgments, etc.) remained even under conditions in which CRT errors appeared to result from more reflective thought than correct responses. Furthermore, multidimensional item response theory models indicated that the CRT loaded onto numeracy and insight problem solving ability factors rather than its own unique factor. Regression analyses also indicated that numeracy and insight may account for many associations between the CRT and real-world beliefs. Broader implications for dual-process theories of reasoning and judgment are discussed.