Exploring Social Resilience in Madagascar’s Marine Protected Areas
Exploring Social Resilience in Madagascar’s Marine Protected Areas
复制标题
DOI：
10.5751/es-02881-140141
复制
发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
J. Cinner;M. Fuentes;H. Randriamahazo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Cinner;M. Fuentes;H. Randriamahazo
我们检查并比较了马达加斯加所有国家海洋保护区内及其邻近地区 13 个沿海社区的地方一级复原力。我们对社会复原力的审查重点关注家庭生计组合的灵活性、正式和非正式治理机构的灵活性、社区的组织能力、学习能力以及获得家庭资产和社区基础设施的能力等指标。总的来说，我们发现正式机构和生计组合具有高度的灵活性，并且对决策和社区团体的参与程度很高。总之，这些指标表明了适应性管理资源的一些潜在能力，但这种能力可能会被社区和资源管理者之间的信任度较差、对人类影响海洋资源的方式了解不足、对社区的生态监测反馈不足、非正式治理机构缺乏灵活性以及缺乏可利用的资产等因素所抵消。我们建议，要在马达加斯加的海洋保护区建立理想的复原力，需要采取以下措施：投资社区基础设施、开展家庭创收项目以及加强农业生产以改善社区福祉；通过对正规和非正规教育的投资提高学习能力；增强公园工作人员和当地社区之间的信任；赋予社区管理和保护自然资源的权力；增强领导者的责任感和治理流程的透明度；与地方、省级和国家机构进行充分的跨尺度互动；以及以利用社区特定优势的方式开展这些活动，例如高度灵活性和社会文化机构的存在，例如规范资源使用的禁忌。
We examined and compared aspects of local-level resilience in 13 coastal communities within and adjacent to all of Madagascar's national marine protected areas. Our examination of social resilience focused on indicators of the flexibility of household livelihood portfolios and both formal and informal governance institutions, the capacity of communities to organize, their capacity to learn, and access to household assets and community infrastructure. In general, we found high levels of flexibility in formal institutions and livelihood portfolios and high levels of participation in decision-making and community groups. Together, these indicators suggest some latent capacity to adaptively manage resources, but this capacity may be offset by poor levels of trust between communities and resource managers, a poor understanding of the ways in which humans affect marine resources, inadequate feedback of ecological monitoring to communities, inflexibility in informal governance institutions, and a lack of assets to draw upon. We suggest that building desirable resilience in Madagascar's marine protected areas will require the following: investments in community-level infrastructure, projects to generate household income, and enhanced agricultural production to improve the well-being of communities; improvements in the capacity to learn through investments in formal and informal education; enhanced trust between park staff and local communities; empowerment of communities to govern and enforce natural resources; the increased accountability of leaders and transparency of governance processes; adequate cross-scale interaction with local, provincial, and national institutions; and the pursuit of these activities in ways that capitalize on community-specific strengths, such as high flexibility and the presence of sociocultural institutions such as taboos that regulate resource use.