Efficient TGF-β/SMAD signaling in human melanoma cells associated with high c-SKI/SnoN expression.

Efficient TGF-β/SMAD signaling in human melanoma cells associated with high c-SKI/SnoN expression.
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与高C-SKI/SNON表达相关的人类黑色素瘤细胞中有效的TGF-β/SMAD信号传导。

DOI:
10.1186/1476-4598-10-2
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发表时间:
2011-01-06
期刊:
影响因子:
37.3
通讯作者:
Mauviel A
Mauviel A
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Javelaud D;van Kempen L;Alexaki VI;Le Scolan E;Luo K;Mauviel A

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SKI 和 SnoN 蛋白已被证明可以抑制 TGF-β 信号传导,既可作为细胞核中的转录共阻遏物,又可作为细胞质中 SMAD 蛋白的螯合剂。另一方面,TGF-β 会诱导蛋白酶体介导的两种蛋白质的快速降解。癌细胞中升高的 SKI 和 SnoN 蛋白水平如何与活跃的自分泌 TGF-β 信号共存尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们发现与正常黑色素细胞相比,一组黑色素瘤细胞系中的 SKI 和 SnoN 蛋白水平升高。 SKI蛋白含量与黑色素瘤细胞侵入Matrigel™、形成皮下肿瘤或心脏内接种裸鼠后骨转移的能力之间没有相关性。我们也没有发现 SKI 表达与人类黑色素瘤的组织病理学分期之间的相关性。 TGF-β 诱导 SKI 蛋白快速、剂量依赖性降解,与 SMAD3/4 特异性转录反应和促转移靶基因的诱导相关,部分通过蛋白酶体活性的药理学阻断来阻止。 1205Lu 黑色素瘤细胞中的 SKI 敲低不会改变其侵袭能力或对 TGF-β 的转录反应,并且不允许 p21 表达以响应 TGF-β 或揭示 TGF-β 的任何生长抑制活性。尽管在黑色素瘤细胞中高表达,但 SKI 在黑色素瘤中的作用仍然难以捉摸:SKI 不能有效干扰 TGF-β 的促癌活性,除非通过蛋白酶体阻断来稳定。其高度不稳定的性质使其不太可能成为治疗干预的目标。
SKI and SnoN proteins have been shown to inhibit TGF-β signaling, acting both as transcriptional co-repressors in the cell nucleus, and as sequestrators of SMAD proteins in the cytoplasm. TGF-β, on the other hand, induces rapid, proteasome-mediated, degradation of both proteins. How elevated SKI and SnoN protein levels co-exist with active autocrine TGF-β signaling in cancer cells is yet to be understood. In this study, we found elevated SKI and SnoN protein levels in a panel of melanoma cell lines, as compared to normal melanocytes. There was no correlation between SKI protein content and the capacity of melanoma cells to invade Matrigel™, to form subcutaneous tumors, or to metastasize to bone after intracardiac inoculation into nude mice. Nor did we find a correlation between SKI expression and histopathological staging of human melanoma. TGF-β induced a rapid and dose-dependent degradation of SKI protein, associated with SMAD3/4 specific transcriptional response and induction of pro-metastatic target genes, partially prevented by pharmacologic blockade of proteasome activity. SKI knockdown in 1205Lu melanoma cells did not alter their invasive capacity or transcriptional responses to TGF-β, and did not allow p21 expression in response to TGF-β or reveal any growth inhibitory activity of TGF-β. Despite high expression in melanoma cells, the role of SKI in melanoma remains elusive: SKI does not efficiently interfere with the pro-oncogenic activities of TGF-β, unless stabilized by proteasome blockade. Its highly labile nature makes it an unlikely target for therapeutic intervention.
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