THE ROLE OF HETERARCHICAL CONTROL IN THE EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATORS
THE ROLE OF HETERARCHICAL CONTROL IN THE EVOLUTION OF CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATORS
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DOI：
10.1159/000113907
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发表时间：
1992-08-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
COHEN, AH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COHEN, AH
接受中央模式发生器（CPG）的概念导致了这样的看法，即下行输入启动刻板的运动，如运动，但在运动开始后发挥相对较小的作用。感觉输入可以夹带的CPG，和CPG是响应于适当的输入切换等证据在这里提出的下降和感觉输入的影响是双向的。下降的输入被证明是参与在运动过程中的一个持续的方式，因为它被发现，CPGs是相位驱动相同的下行系统，自己激活的CPGs。类似地，感觉输入被CPG主动处理，并且在感觉输入和CPG之间再次产生双向交互。最后，机械因素被证明是运动形式的主要贡献者。因此，总的来说，CPG只能被认为是任何运动的几个贡献者之一;所有人都同时处理信息流。控制被认为是分布式的，也就是说，是异政府的，而不是分层的。由于系统各层次之间相互作用的复杂性，有人认为，身体的任何变化都会通过系统传播，并影响最终的输出，而不管变化起源于何处。因此，个体发育和系统发育的变化必须有整个系统的影响。举例说明，这是事实。这些变化的影响将主要体现在层之间的界面中，即，在下行和感觉输入与CPG之间的界面中，使得在必要时可以在逐时刻的基础上适应性地适应变化。
The acceptance of the concept of central pattern generators (CPGs) led to the perception that descending inputs initiate stereotyped movements, such as locomotion, but play relatively minor roles after the movement begins. Sensory input could entrain the CPG, and the CPG was responsive to the proper inputs for switching, etc. Evidence is here presented that the influences of both descending and sensory inputs are two-way. Descending inputs are shown to be involved in an ongoing manner during locomotion, as it as been found that CPGs are phasically driving the same descending systems that themselves activate the CPGs. Similarly, sensory inputs are being actively processed by the CPG and, here again, produce a two-way interaction between sensory input and CPGs. Finally, mechanical factors are shown to be major contributors to the form of the movement. Thus, overall the CPG can only be considered as one of several contributors to any movement; all concurrently process the flow of information. Control is viewed as distributed, that is, as heterarchical as opposed to hierarchical. Because of the complexity of interaction between the levels of the system, it is argued that any change in the body will propagate through the system and effect the final output regardless of where the change originates. Thus, ontogenetic and phylogenetic changes must have influences felt throughout the entire system. Examples are presented to demonstrate that this is, indeed, the case. The effect of these changes will primarily be manifest in the interface between the layers, that is, in the interface between the descending and sensory inputs and the CPG, so that the changes can be adaptively accommodated on a moment by moment basis when necessary.