Growth Identification and Facilitation: The Role of the State in the Dynamics of Structural Change
Growth Identification and Facilitation: The Role of the State in the Dynamics of Structural Change
复制标题
增长识别和促进：国家在结构变革动态中的作用
DOI：
10.1596/1813-9450-5313
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Célestin Monga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Y. Lin;Célestin Monga
经济学家普遍对发展中国家政府为促进增长和工业化而采取的积极经济政策持怀疑态度，这是有充分理由的：过去的经验表明，这种政策往往无法实现其既定目标。但历史记录也表明，在所有成功的经济体中，国家在促进结构变革和帮助私营部门长期维持结构变革方面一直发挥着重要作用。本文提出了一种新的方法，以帮助发展中国家的政策制定者确定那些可能拥有潜在的比较优势的行业。它还就如何消除约束性限制以便利私营公司进入这些行业提出了建议。本文介绍了两类政府干预之间的一个重要区别。首先是通过克服信息和协调以及外部性问题促进结构改革的政策，这些问题是产业升级和多样化所固有的。这种干预的目的是提供信息，补偿外部因素，协调改善“硬“和“软“基础设施，这是私营部门与经济相对优势的动态变化同步增长所必需的。第二种是那些旨在保护某些特定企业和产业的政策，这些企业和产业无视现有禀赋结构所决定的比较优势无论是在过于先进的新部门还是在已经失去比较优势的老部门。
Active economic policies by developing countries’ governments to promote growth and industrialization have generally been viewed with suspicion by economists, and for good reasons: past experiences show that such policies have too often failed to achieve their stated objectives. But the historical record also indicates that in all successful economies, the state has always played an important role in facilitating structural change and helping the private sector sustain it across time. This paper proposes a new approach to help policymakers in developing countries identify those industries that may hold latent comparative advantage. It also recommends ways of removing binding constraints to facilitate private firms’ entry into those industries. The paper introduces an important distinction between two types of government interventions. First are policies that facilitate structural change by overcoming information and coordination and externality issues, which are intrinsic to industrial upgrading and diversification. Such interventions aim to provide information, compensate for externalities, and coordinate improvements in the"hard"and"soft"infrastructure that are needed for the private sector to grow in sync with the dynamic change in the economy’s comparative advantage. Second are those policies aimed at protecting some selected firms and industries that defy the comparative advantage determined by the existing endowment structure—either in new sectors that are too advanced or in old sectors that have lost comparative advantage.