Chapter 22 The purpose of urban food production in developed countries
Chapter 22 The purpose of urban food production in developed countries
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第22章 发达国家城市粮食生产的目的
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
S. Caputo
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作者：
S. Caputo
粮食安全已列入英国政府议程。化石燃料稀缺限制了供应的流动，最近粮食价格上涨，这些都是当前全球粮食系统不可持续性的警告信号。联合王国政府已经编写了一系列关于粮食生产的文件，其中指出粮食安全、粮食获取和更环保的食物链是重要目标。城市农业不是上述可能战略的一部分，其目的是使供应来源多样化，促进健康和负担得起的食品消费，并减少排放。鉴于城市的碳足迹巨大，城市环境中的粮食生产应被视为低碳社会的贡献者，因为它可以提供零粮食里程的作物，低收入群体可能可以获得。然而，要做到这一点，城市农业需要在经济上可行。需要进行研究，以建立在城市中种植高产粮食的模式，特别是基于利用当地城市资源（水、堆肥、阳光）的中小型种植空间网络的商业模式。本章阐述了发达国家城市农业的新作用，其重点不仅是环境和社会效益，而且是经济机会。它通过审查国家对粮食安全的定义，非营利组织在促进城市农业实践中发挥的作用，以及它们所基于的商业模式来实现这一目标。
Food security is now on the UK government agenda. The perspective of fossil fuel scarcity limiting movements of supply, and recent food price rises constitute a warning sign of the unsustainability of current global food systems. The UK government has produced a series of papers on food production, in which food security, food access, and a more environmentally safe food chain are indicated as important objectives. Urban agriculture is not part of the possible strategies mentioned, which aims at diversifying supply sources, foster healthy and affordable food consumption, and reduce emissions. Given the massive carbon footprint of cities, food production in an urban context ought to be considered as a contributor to a low carbon society, as it can deliver crops with zero food miles, possibly accessible to low income groups. However, for this to happen, urban agriculture needs to become economically viable. Research is needed to establish modalities for highly productive food grown in cities, and in particular, business models based on a network of small and medium sized cultivated spaces, which utilise local urban resources (water, compost, sun). This chapter makes the case for a new role for urban agriculture in developed countries, which is centred not only on environmental and social benefits, but also on economic opportunities. It does so by reviewing the national definition of food security, the role that non-profit organisations play in promoting urban agricultural practices, and the business model on which they are based.