Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera?
Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera?
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DOI：
10.3767/003158509x479487
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发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Groenewald JZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crous PW;Summerell BA;Carnegie AJ;Wingfield MJ;Hunter GC;Burgess TI;Andjic V;Barber PA;Groenewald JZ
许多真菌属已被定义的基础上被认为是在属的水平上提供信息的单个字符。此外，许多不相关的分类群已聚集在属，因为它们具有明显相似的形态特征所产生的适应相似的生态位和趋同进化。这个问题在球腔菌属中得到了恰当的说明。在其最广泛的定义中，这种主要感染叶的真菌的属包括超过30个具有相似表型特征的属，这些表型特征大多与植物组织或培养物中产生的结构相关。在本研究中，来自LSU基因的DNA序列数据区分了迄今为止被认为代表球腔菌科的几个分支和家族。在某些情况下，这些分支代表可识别的单系谱系链接到很好的外切无性型。然而，这种关联是复杂的，因为形态上相似的属分散在整个目的（Capnodiales），并且对于某些物种，根据培养条件和培养基，表达了一种以上的变体。本研究表明，球腔菌Mycosphaerella s.s.应该最好限于具有柱隔孢（Ramularia anamorphs）的分类群，在球腔菌科中具有代表尾孢属（Cercospora）、尾孢属（Cercosporella）、Dothistroma、蜡蚧属（Lecanosticta）、褐脉孢属（Phaeophleospora）、多丝孢属（Polythrincium）、假尾孢属（Pseudocercospora）、柱隔孢属（Ramulispora）、壳针孢属（Septoria）和Sonderhenia的其他明确的分支。畸形球腔菌属包含Kirramyces anamorphs的分类群，而在畸形球腔菌科中支持的其他分支包括Baudocyte、Capnobotryella、Devrifiella、Penidiella、Phaeothecoidea、Readeriella、Staninwardia和Stenella。具有Zygophiala anamorphs的裂蹄蕨属被支持为属于裂蹄蕨科，而Dissoconium和Ramichloridium似乎代表了一个不同的科。由于采样有限，一些进化枝仍未得到解决。球腔菌属（Mycosphaerella）是一个以单生子囊、双子囊和单隔子囊孢子为特征的子囊菌属，代表了众多的属和几个有待进一步研究的科。
Many fungal genera have been defined based on single characters considered to be informative at the generic level. In addition, many unrelated taxa have been aggregated in genera because they shared apparently similar morphological characters arising from adaptation to similar niches and convergent evolution. This problem is aptly illustrated in Mycosphaerella. In its broadest definition, this genus of mainly leaf infecting fungi incorporates more than 30 form genera that share similar phenotypic characters mostly associated with structures produced on plant tissue or in culture. DNA sequence data derived from the LSU gene in the present study distinguish several clades and families in what has hitherto been considered to represent the Mycosphaerellaceae. In some cases, these clades represent recognisable monophyletic lineages linked to well circumscribed anamorphs. This association is complicated, however, by the fact that morphologically similar form genera are scattered throughout the order (Capnodiales), and for some species more than one morph is expressed depending on cultural conditions and media employed for cultivation. The present study shows that Mycosphaerella s.s. should best be limited to taxa with Ramularia anamorphs, with other well defined clades in the Mycosphaerellaceae representing Cercospora, Cercosporella, Dothistroma, Lecanosticta, Phaeophleospora, Polythrincium, Pseudocercospora, Ramulispora, Septoria and Sonderhenia. The genus Teratosphaeria accommodates taxa with Kirramyces anamorphs, while other clades supported in the Teratosphaeriaceae include Baudoinea, Capnobotryella, Devriesia, Penidiella, Phaeothecoidea, Readeriella, Staninwardia and Stenella. The genus Schizothyrium with Zygophiala anamorphs is supported as belonging to the Schizothyriaceae, while Dissoconium and Ramichloridium appear to represent a distinct family. Several clades remain unresolved due to limited sampling. Mycosphaerella, which has hitherto been used as a term of convenience to describe ascomycetes with solitary ascomata, bitunicate asci and 1-septate ascospores, represents numerous genera and several families yet to be defined in future studies.