CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated DNA clamping triggers target-strand cleavage.

CRISPR-Cas12a-mediated DNA clamping triggers target-strand cleavage.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41589-022-01082-8
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发表时间:
2022-09
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Szczelkun MD
Szczelkun MD
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Naqvi MM;Lee L;Montaguth OET;Diffin FM;Szczelkun MD

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成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) – Cas12a 广泛用于基因组编辑和诊断,因此了解 RNA 引导的 DNA 识别如何在非目标链 (NTS) 切割后激活目标链 (TS) 切割非常重要。在这里,我们使用单分子磁力镊子、基于凝胶的测定和纳米孔测序来探索 DNA 解旋和切割。除了动态和异质的 R 环形成之外,我们还直接观察到 20 bp 异源双链下游的瞬时双链 DNA 解旋,以及在 NTS 切割后形成 TS 切割所需的超稳定“钳位”Cas12a-DNA 中间体。将 4 核苷酸 3' CRISPR RNA 突出端退火到异源双链体下游未缠绕的 TS 上,可抑制夹紧并使 TS 裂解减慢约 16 倍。通常覆盖 R 环的 REC2 子结构域中保守芳香族氨基酸的丙氨酸取代缓解了这种抑制,但有利于解开状态的稳定,表明 REC2 子结构域调节 3' CRISPR RNA 与下游 DNA 的接触。 Naqvi 等人使用单分子磁力镊子和生化方法。揭示了 CRISPR-Cas12a 如何通过 R 环和 W355 残基以及 CRISPR RNA 3' 端序列之间的保守堆积相互作用来调节 DNA 切割率。
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–Cas12a is widely used for genome editing and diagnostics, so it is important to understand how RNA-guided DNA recognition activates the cleavage of the target strand (TS) following non-target-strand (NTS) cleavage. Here we used single-molecule magnetic tweezers, gel-based assays and nanopore sequencing to explore DNA unwinding and cleavage. In addition to dynamic and heterogenous R-loop formation, we also directly observed transient double-stranded DNA unwinding downstream of the 20-bp heteroduplex and, following NTS cleavage, formation of a hyperstable ‘clamped’ Cas12a–DNA intermediate necessary for TS cleavage. Annealing of a 4-nucleotide 3′ CRISPR RNA overhang to the unwound TS downstream of the heteroduplex inhibited clamping and slowed TS cleavage by ~16-fold. Alanine substitution of a conserved aromatic amino acid in the REC2 subdomain that normally caps the R-loop relieved this inhibition but favoured stabilisation of unwound states, suggesting that the REC2 subdomain regulates access of the 3′ CRISPR RNA to downstream DNA. Using single-molecule magnetic tweezers and biochemical methods, Naqvi et al. revealed how CRISPR–Cas12a regulates the DNA cleavage rate through a conserved stacking interaction between the R-loop and the W355 residue and the sequence of the CRISPR RNA 3′ end.
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