Regulatory B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases How Do They Work?
Regulatory B Cells in Autoimmune Diseases How Do They Work?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04651.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jamin, Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lemoine, Sebastien;Morva, Ahsen;Jamin, Christophe
B淋巴细胞有助于自身免疫性疾病的发病机制，因为B细胞耗竭治疗改善了此类疾病。然而，B细胞似乎是矛盾的。当B细胞耗尽时，非器官特异性以及器官特异性自身免疫性病症的鼠类菌株呈现出加重的症状。因此，很可能一些B细胞是致病的，而其他细胞具有调节功能。调节性B细胞（布雷格）不仅有一个亚群，而且有不同类型的布雷格细胞。因此，调节功能可归因于自身反应性B细胞、边缘区B细胞、过渡型2样B细胞或CD 5（+）B细胞。调节活性仅在通过B细胞受体、CD 40和/或TLR 9的细胞活化后被诱导。然后通过可溶性试剂（例如IL-10）和/或涉及CD 40或B7共刺激分子的直接细胞与细胞接触来介导调节作用。靶细胞也因疾病而异。因此，抗原特异性自身反应性T细胞、树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和调节性T淋巴细胞可以被抑制或激活，以最终调节自身免疫应答。作为一个整体，似乎布雷格细胞参与控制复杂的细胞网络内的自身免疫性，这可能是不同的每种病理。因此，调节活性的适应性刺激和控制将是有效使用这些B细胞作为自身免疫性疾病的替代疗法的先决条件。
B lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders since B-cell depletion treatment improves such diseases. However, B cells seem ambivalent. Murine strains of nonorgam-specific as well as organ-specific autoimmune conditions present with aggravated symptoms when B cells are depleted. It is thus likely that some B cells are pathogenic while other have regulatory function. There is not only one regulatory B cell (Breg) subset, but different types of Breg cells. Regulatory function can thus be ascribed to autoreactive B cells, marginal zone B cells, transitional type 2-like B cells, or CD5(+) B cells. Regulatory activity is induced only following cell activation through a B-cell receptor, CD40, and/or TLR9. Regulatory effects are then mediated by a soluble agent, such as IL-10, and/or direct cell-to-cell contacts that involve CD40 or B7 co-stimulatory molecules. Targeted cells also vary from one disease to another. Antigen-specific autoreactive T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and regulatory T lymphocytes can thus be either inhibited or activated to finally modulate the autoimmune response. Taken as a whole, it appears that Breg cells participate in the control of autoimmunity within a complex cellular network that may differ for each pathology. Adapted stimulation and control of regulatory activity would thus be a prerequisite to an efficient usage of these B cells as an alternative therapy for autoimmune diseases.