Effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in reducing robberies
Effectiveness of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) in reducing robberies
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DOI：
10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00146-x
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Peek-Asa, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casteel, C;Peek-Asa, C
目的：研究通过环境设计预防犯罪(CPTED)方法在减少抢劫方面的有效性。使用了两套纳入标准：16项主要研究评估了CPTED计划，并有一个比较时期；12项次要研究提出了CPTED影响的一些证据，但不要求具有相同水平的科学严谨性。检查干预前和干预后事件的百分比变化。研究按实施多个组成部分、单一组成部分和通过条例的项目进行分层。主要结果：所有主要的多组成部分CPTED项目经历了从-84%到-30%的抢劫百分比变化。单一组成部分的计划效果从-83%到+91%，条例的效果从-65%到+130%。二次研究报告抢劫的变化范围在-92%到+7.6%之间。与包括设备系统在内的干预措施相比，包括基本商店设计、现金控制和培训组件在内的干预措施减少的抢劫事件更多。未发现抢劫的减少与随访期或程序组件的数量之间存在关联。对非致命性伤害的研究发现，事后变化的中位数为-61%；检查凶杀案的研究发现变化范围从0%到+11%。结论：CPTED方法的广泛性质允许其适应任何环境，结果表明它是减少抢劫的有效方法。然而，大多数干预措施并没有独立于其他导致抢劫风险的因素进行评估。需要对各种商业环境中的个别组成部分和影响进行更多的研究。
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach in reducing robberies.Methods: CPTED evaluations were obtained through a comprehensive search mechanism. Two sets of inclusion criteria were used: 16 primary studies evaluated a CPTED program with a comparison period; 12 secondary studies presented some evidence of CPTED effects but were not required to have the same level of scientific rigor. The percentage change in pre- and post-intervention events was the outcome examined. Studies were stratified by programs implementing multiple components, a single component, and through ordinances.Main Results: All primary multiple-component CPTED programs experienced a percentage change in robberies ranging from -84% to -30%. Single-component program effects ranged from -83% to +91%, and ordinances ranged from -65% to +130%. Secondary studies reported robbery changes ranging between -92% and +7.6%. Robbery reductions were larger for interventions comprising basic store design, cash control, and training components compared to those including equipment systems. No associations were found between robbery decreases and either the follow-up period or the number of program components. Studies examining nonfatal injuries found a median pre-post change of -61%; those examining homicides found changes ranging from 0% to +11%.Conclusions: The broad nature of the CPTED approach allows its adaptation to any setting, and results indicate that it is an effective approach to reducing robbery. However, most interventions were not evaluated independently of other factors contributing to robbery risk. More research is needed on individual components and effects in various business settings.