Superlative quantifiers and meta-speech acts
Superlative quantifiers and meta-speech acts
复制标题
最高级量词和元言语行为
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Krifka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Cohen;M. Krifka
最近的研究表明，最高级量词至少和最多不具有与比较量词 more than (Geurts and Nouwen, Language 83:533–559, 2007) 和 less than 相同类型的真值条件。我们建议最高级量词在言语行为的层面上进行解释。我们将它们与言语行为的否定联系起来，例如在《我不承诺到来》中，我们将其分析为排除了承诺到来的言语行为。我们将这种影响未来允许的言语行为的会话行为称为“元言语行为”，我们将一个命题的“授予”的元言语行为引入为否认该命题的否定。最高级量词作为 GRANTS 之上的量词进行分析。因此，约翰抚摸了至少三只兔子意味着说话者同意约翰抚摸 n 只兔子的命题的最小数量 n 是 n = 3。我们根据承诺状态和承诺空间形式化了这种解释，并展示了从中导出的真值条件如何部分蕴含和部分会话暗示。我们展示了该理论如何解释最高级量词的各种分布现象，包括它们可以嵌入的上下文。
Recent research has shown that the superlative quantifiers at least and at most do not have the same type of truth conditions as the comparative quantifiers more than (Geurts and Nouwen, Language 83:533–559, 2007) and fewer than. We propose that superlative quantifiers are interpreted at the level of speech acts. We relate them to denegations of speech acts, as in I don’t promise to come, which we analyze as excluding the speech act of a promise to come. Calling such conversational acts that affect future permissible speech acts “meta-speech acts,” we introduce the meta-speech act of a GRANT of a proposition as a denial to assert the negation of that proposition. Superlative quantifiers are analyzed as quantifiers over GRANTS. Thus, John petted at least three rabbits means that the minimal number n such that the speaker GRANTs the proposition that John petted n rabbits is n = 3. We formalize this interpretation in terms of commitment states and commitment spaces, and show how the truth conditions that are derived from it are partly entailed and partly conversationally implicated. We demonstrate how the theory accounts for a wide variety of distributional phenomena of superlative quantifiers, including the contexts in which they can be embedded.