The Health Opinion Survey: Technique for Estimating Prevalence of Psychoneurotic and Related Types of Disorder in Communities
The Health Opinion Survey: Technique for Estimating Prevalence of Psychoneurotic and Related Types of Disorder in Communities
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健康意见调查：估计社区精神神经症和相关类型疾病患病率的技术
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发表时间：
1957
期刊：
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通讯作者：
A. Macmillan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Macmillan
本文介绍了一种尝试设计和标准化的心理筛查测试在农村社区的成年人的结果。这种休息的需要与一个更大的项目有关，该项目的总体目标是研究各种社会因素与精神症状发展之间的关系（17，18）。这就需要有某种手段来发现受调查的人群中哪些成员表现出这种症状，简言之，就是一种病例发现方法。由于这项测试是在加拿大大西洋省份的一个农村县使用的，看来已经设计好的东西很可能必须重新调整，以适应这个地区。因此，第一步是检查现有的测试。这包括文献综述和与积极从事心理筛查领域的研究人员的磋商。大多数此类考试都是为了选拔学术、商业和军事职位的人员，并根据所采用的各种规格淘汰那些不合格的人。这样的选择和排除过程，虽然在应用上是古老的，但直到最近才被系统化，并在某种程度上脱离了直觉和“预感”的领域。最早的记载之一，也许是基甸挑选300名勇士去战胜米甸人的戏剧性方式（15）。直到本世纪初，像吉迪恩这样的实证检验是进行这种评估的唯一手段。
This paper presents the results of an attempt to devise and standardize a psychological screening test for adults in rural communities. The need for such a rest arose in connection with a larger project whose general aim was to study the relationship between social factors of various kinds and the development of psychiatric symptoms (17, 18). This called for some means of discovering what members of the population under investigation showed such symptoms, in short, a case-finding method. Since the test was to be used in a rural county of one of the Atlantic Provinces of Canada, it seemed probable that whatever had already been devised would have to be retailored somewhat to fit this region. The first step, then, was to examine existing tests. This included both a review of the literature and consultation with investigators who were active in the field of psychological screening. Most such tests had been designed for the selection of persons for positions in academic, business, and military situations, and the elimination of those not qualified according to the various specifications adopted. Such selection and elimination processes, though ancient in application, have only recently been systematized and removed somewhat from the realm of intuition and "hunch." One of the earliest recorded efforts, perhaps, is Gideon's dramatic way of picking 300 warriors to overcome the Midianites (15). Until the beginning of the present century, empirical tests like Gideon's were the only means available for such assessments.