Sex Hormones and Sex Chromosomes Cause Sex Differences in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases.
Sex Hormones and Sex Chromosomes Cause Sex Differences in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases.
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DOI：
10.1161/atvbaha.116.307301
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发表时间：
2017-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sandberg K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnold AP;Cassis LA;Eghbali M;Reue K;Sandberg K
本文综述了激素和性染色体在肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、动脉瘤、缺血/再灌注损伤和高血压中的作用。心血管疾病（CVD）的发生和发展在两性中是不同的，因为两性之间不同的生物因素具有特定于性别的保护和有害作用。通过直接比较两种性别，并将性别分解为其组成部分，人们可以发现性别偏见的保护机制，这可能是临床研究的目标。性腺激素，特别是雌激素和雄激素，长期以来一直被发现可以解释心血管疾病的一些性别差异，而介导这些影响的分子机制最近被阐明。最近，性染色体基因影响中固有的性别不平等也被认为是心血管疾病动物模型的贡献者，特别是在雌性中发现的第二条X染色体的有害影响，而在雄性中却没有。激素和性染色体机制在某些疾病的性别特异性控制中相互作用，有时相互对立。
This review summarizes recent evidence concerning hormonal and sex chromosome effects in obesity, atherosclerosis, aneurysms, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and hypertension. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) occur and progress differently in the two sexes, because biological factors differing between the sexes have sex-specific protective and harmful effects. By comparing the two sexes directly, and breaking down sex into its component parts, one can discover sex-biasing protective mechanisms that might be targeted in the clinic. Gonadal hormones, especially estrogens and androgens, have long been found to account for some sex differences in CVD, and molecular mechanisms mediating these effects have recently been elucidated. More recently the inherent sexual inequalities in effects of sex chromosome genes have also been implicated as contributors in animal models of CVDs, especially a deleterious effect of the second X chromosome found in females but not in males. Hormonal and sex chromosome mechanisms interact in the sex-specific control of certain diseases, sometimes by opposing the action of the other.