Laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
Laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.
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糖尿病的实验室诊断和监测。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
K. Emancipator
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Emancipator
美国糖尿病协会强调空腹血糖（FPG）水平，而不是口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），以诊断糖尿病。FPG的诊断临界值为126 mg/dL（7.0 mmol/L）。OGTT期间2小时血糖水平≥ 200 mg/dL（11.1 mmol/L）或随机血糖水平≥ 200 mg/dL（11.1 mmol/L）也可诊断为糖尿病。100克，3小时OGTT仍然是妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的“金标准”。4个样本中有2个超过临界值（空腹，>或= 105 mg/dL [5.8 mmol/L]; 1小时，>或= 190 mg/dL [10.5 mmol/L]; 2小时，>或= 165 mg/dL [9.2 mmol/L]; 3小时，>或= 145 mg/dL [8.0 mmol/L]）表明GDM。一个有效的GDM筛查试验是50克口服葡萄糖负荷后1小时的血糖。严格控制，需要自我监测血糖，减少1型或2型糖尿病患者的微血管并发症。糖尿病控制良好的患者糖化血红蛋白浓度为7%AIc（0.07AIc/A）或更低。微量白蛋白尿提示早期可逆的糖尿病肾病。随机尿白蛋白-肌酐比值是一种方便有效的筛查试验。白蛋白-肌酐比值在0.03至0.30（g/g）范围内表明存在微量白蛋白尿。
The American Diabetes Association emphasizes fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, rather than the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), to diagnose diabetes mellitus. The diagnostic cutoff for FPG is 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or more during an OGTT or a random plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or more also is diagnostic of diabetes. The 100-g, 3-hour OGTT remains the "gold standard" for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Two of 4 samples exceeding cutoffs (fasting, > or = 105 mg/dL [5.8 mmol/L]; 1 hour, > or = 190 mg/dL [10.5 mmol/L]; 2 hours, > or = 165 mg/dL [9.2 mmol/L]; 3 hours, > or = 145 mg/dL [8.0 mmol/L]) indicate GDM. An effective GDM screening test is plasma glucose 1 hour after a 50-g oral glucose load. Tight control, which requires self-monitoring of blood glucose, reduces microvascular complications for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Patients with well-controlled diabetes have glycohemoglobin concentrations of 7% AIc (0.07 AIc/A) or less. Microalbuminuria indicates early, reversible, diabetic nephropathy. The random urine albumin-creatinine ratio is a convenient effective screening test. Albumin-creatinine ratios in the 0.03 to 0.30 (g/g) range indicate microalbuminuria.