Community-mediated individual disaster preparedness practices: A case study in Kochi, Japan
Community-mediated individual disaster preparedness practices: A case study in Kochi, Japan
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社区介导的个人备灾实践：日本高知县的案例研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103532
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Nakano Genta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakai Fuko;Nakano Genta
由于自然灾害固有的不确定性，自助已成为减少灾害风险的一个越来越有影响力的因素。尽管在紧急情况下缺乏公众支持，但公民对自助的低承诺并未受到影响，因此，专家和政府都努力鼓励公民采取行动。虽然政府和专家导向的努力以及一般的单向沟通被批评为赤字模型方法，因为它们不一定会改变行为，但这些方法仍然是主要使用的方法。本研究介绍了一个社区的海啸灾害准备作为替代赤字模型。我们专注于社区为个人紧急救援准备箱子（“个人箱子”）的做法，这些箱子存放在地势较高的公共储存设施中，由社区管理。我们在活动理论的背景下讨论这一点：自助不仅被理解为政府/专家（主体）和公民（客体）之间的关系，而且还被理解为个人盒子和社区之间的关系。我们通过访谈和实地工作表明，这种做法有助于提高准备紧急救济和快速疏散的参与率。此外，合作的社区做法还有一个额外的好处，那就是让个人参与更广泛的社会制度。虽然这项研究的重点是小社区，这种方法可以适用于更大的社区，把它作为一个实际应用的活动理论和作为一个新的替代，鼓励个人实践。
Self help has become an increasingly influential factor in disaster risk reduction due to the inherent uncertainty that comes with natural hazards. Despite a lack of public support in emergency situations, citizens' low commitment to self help has remained unaffected, and, consequently, both experts and the government have made efforts to encourage citizens to take action. Although the government- and expert-oriented efforts, and unidirectional communication in general, have been criticized as the deficit model approach, because they do not necessarily make behavioral changes, these methods still remain as the ones that are primarily used. This study introduces a community's tsunami disaster preparedness as an alternative to the deficit model. We focus on the community's practice of preparing boxes for individual emergency relief (the “individual box”), which were stored in a common storage facility on higher ground and managed by the community. We discuss this in the context of activity theory: self help is understood not only by the relationship between the government/expert (subject) and citizens (object), but also that between the individual box and the community. We showed through interviews and field work that this practice facilitates a high participation rate in preparing emergency relief and rapid evacuation. Moreover, cooperative communal practices had the added benefit of engaging individuals in the broader social system. Although this study focuses on small communities, this method can be applied to larger communities by regarding it as a practical application of activity theory and as a new alternative that encourages individual practice.