Contributions from six countries Shu Yamamura and Haruhiko Goto ― Japan
Contributions from six countries Shu Yamamura and Haruhiko Goto ― Japan
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来自六个国家的投稿 Shu Yamamura 和 Haruhiko Goto ― 日本
DOI：
10.1080/02513625.2015.1134936
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shu YAMAMURA and Haruhiko GOTO
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文献类型：
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作者：
小野田泰明;佃悠;Shu YAMAMURA and Haruhiko GOTO
首先要说两点：1)日本社会比亚洲其他国家更早进入成熟发展阶段；2)与许多邻国相比，日本的计划体系相对分散。虽然计划制定过程仍然受到中央政府的强大影响，但大多数具有法律约束力的计划是由地方政府机构制定的。另一方面，私营部门的参与者正在增加他们对日本规划的影响，特别是在大城市的中心地区，那里的发展压力相对较高。最近，中央政府加强了法律框架，以促进私营部门参与者积极参与规划过程，因此，由私营房地产开发商牵头的相对大型的城市更新项目有所增加。这种政策通过放宽特定地区的开发法规来促进私人主导的城市再生，有助于主要在这些中心地区提升城市空间质量，尽管它与过度开发和士绅化的风险有关。如今，日本规划者面临的最大挑战之一是现有规划方法的有效性不断下降。这是由人口减少和土地使用需求放缓造成的。长期以来，规划的最重要任务是准备适当数量的土地用于发展，以满足对住房和工业日益增长的需求，并通过采用各种规章和奖励措施的组合实现理想的土地使用。然而，最近对新开发的额外土地的需求已显著下降，因此“管制和激励”的土地使用控制方法正变得不那么有效。
Two remarks to begin with: i) Japanese society entered a mature phase of development earlier than other countries in Asia, and ii) Japan has a relatively decentralized planning system compared to many neighboring countries. Local government bodies prepare most legally binding plans, although the plan-making process is still under the strong influence of the central government. On the other hand, players in the private sector are increasing their influence on planning in Japan, especially within central areas of big cities, where development pressure is relatively high. Recently, the central government has strengthened the legal framework to promote active involvement of private sector actors in the planning process, and consequently, there has been an increase in relatively large-scale urban regeneration projects led by private property developers. Such a policy, which promotes private-led urban regeneration by easing development regulations in particular districts, contributes to the upgrading of urban space quality mainly in such central areas, though it is associated with the risks of overdevelopment and gentrification. One of the biggest challenges Japanese planners face today is the decreasing effectiveness of established planning approaches. This has been caused by population decline and slowdown of land-use demand. For a long time, the most important task of planning was preparing an appropriate amount of land for development in order to meet increasing demand for housing and industry, as well as realizing desirable land use by applying various combinations of regulations and incentives. Recently, however, demand for additional land for new development has been in significant decline, and so the “regulation-and-incentive” land-use control method is becoming less effective.