Adaptations and Diversity of Antarctic Fishes: A Genomic Perspective
Adaptations and Diversity of Antarctic Fishes: A Genomic Perspective
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-animal-081221-064325
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
Detrich, H. William, III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daane, Jacob M.;Detrich, H. William, III
南极鲽鱼是海洋环境中脊椎动物适应性辐射的典型例子。 Notothenioids 从类似于 22 Mya 的单一共同祖先发展到今天的 120 至 140 个物种，它们代表了南极大陆架鱼类生物量的 90%。当它们在寒冷的南大洋多样化时，Notothenioids进化出了许多特征，包括骨质减少、贫血、心脏肥大、血脂异常和肾小球，这些特征在它们的环境中是有益的或可以耐受的，但对人类来说却是病理性的。因此，notothenioids是了解适应性辐射、对极端环境的生理和生化适应以及人类疾病遗传机制的模型。自 2014 年以来，已经发表了 16 个 notothenioids 基因组，这使得能够对 notothenioids 辐射和新 notothenioids 特征的遗传基础进行首次整体分析。在这里，我们从基因组角度回顾了类鱼辐射，并将我们的见解与其他鱼类辐射的最新观察结果相结合。
Antarctic notothenioid fishes are the classic example of vertebrate adaptive radiation in a marine environment. Notothenioids diversified from a single common ancestor similar to 22 Mya to between 120 and 140 species today, and they represent similar to 90% of fish biomass on the continental shelf of Antarctica. As they diversified in the cold Southern Ocean, notothenioids evolved numerous traits, including osteopenia, anemia, cardiomegaly, dyslipidemia, and aglomerular kidneys, that are beneficial or tolerated in their environment but are pathological in humans. Thus, notothenioids are models for understanding adaptive radiations, physiological and biochemical adaptations to extreme environments, and genetic mechanisms of human disease. Since 2014, 16 notothenioid genomes have been published, which enable a first-pass holistic analysis of the notothenioid radiation and the genetic underpinnings of novel notothenioid traits. Here, we review the notothenioid radiation from a genomic perspective and integrate our insights with recent observations from other fish radiations.