Improving life expectancy: how many years behind has the USA fallen? A cross-national comparison among high-income countries from 1958 to 2007.

Improving life expectancy: how many years behind has the USA fallen? A cross-national comparison among high-income countries from 1958 to 2007.
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提高预期寿命:美国落后了多少年? 1958年至2007年,高收入国家之间的跨国比较。

DOI:
10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002814
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Jamison DT
Jamison DT
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Verguet S;Jamison DT

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许多研究表明,美国的死亡率高于其他高收入国家。我们通过量化美国落后于比较国家多少年以及确定美国死亡率何时开始分化来补充这一讨论。我们使用包括美国在内的17个高收入国家的男性和女性的完整生命表。我们提取出生时的预期寿命,并计算从出生到80岁的每个5岁年龄组的死亡率。使用一个国家落后多少年的指标,我们将美国的死亡率水平与其他高收入国家(“比较者”)进行比较。我们报告了17个高收入国家1958-2007年的预期寿命。直到20世纪70年代末,美国男性,尤其是女性的预期寿命一直在密切跟踪比较对象。1970年代末,美国女性的预期寿命开始明显偏离参照标准,2007年美国女性的预期寿命与参照标准10年前的平均预期寿命相当。 从20世纪70年代末开始,死亡率也开始出现差异,死亡率差距最大的是15-49岁年龄组的男性和女性,到2007年,美国已经落后比较国约40年。 一些原因提出了相对较高的美国今天的死亡率-种族差异,缺乏普遍的医疗保险,美国例外主义-改变不大,而死亡率差距出现和扩大。这表明,对差距不断扩大的解释存在于其他方面。量化美国落后了多少年,可以帮助我们找到潜在的原因和补救措施。
Many studies have documented higher mortality levels in the USA compared to other high-income nations. We add to this discussion by quantifying how many years behind comparison countries the USA has fallen and by identifying when US mortality rates began to diverge. We use full life tables, for men and women, for 17 high-income countries including the USA. We extract the life expectancy at birth and compute the mortality rates for each 5-year age group from birth up to age 80. Using the metric of how many ‘years behind’ a country has fallen, we compare US mortality levels with those in other high-income countries (‘comparators’). We report life expectancy for 17 high-income countries, for the period 1958–2007. Up to the late 1970s, US men and especially women closely tracked comparators in life expectancy. In the late 1970s in the USA, most strikingly women began to diverge from comparators so that the US female life expectancy in 2007 corresponded to that of the comparators’ average 10 years earlier. Mortality rates also began to diverge from the late 1970s, and the largest mortality gap was in the 15–49 age group, for both men and women, where the USA had fallen about 40 years behind the comparators by 2007. Some causes proposed for the relatively high US mortality today—racial differences, lack of universal health insurance, US exceptionalism—changed little while the mortality gap emerged and grew. This suggests that explanations for the growing gap lie elsewhere. Quantification of how many years behind the USA has fallen can help provide clues about where to look for potential causes and remedies.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05384.x
发表时间: 2010-01-01
期刊: BIOLOGY OF DISADVANTAGE: SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH
影响因子: --
作者:
Dow, William H.;Rehkopf, David H.
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