Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation
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DOI：
10.1525/elementa.291
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发表时间：
2018-05-10
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Ziemke, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaudel, A.;Cooper, O. R.;Ziemke, J.
对流层臭氧评估报告(TOAR)是国际全球大气化学项目的一项活动。本报告是该报告的一个组成部分，重点是与气候和全球大气化学模式评估有关的对流层臭氧的现状分布和趋势。利用TOAR地表臭氧数据库，若干数字显示了2702个非城市监测点的日间平均臭氧的全球分布和趋势，突出了世界上臭氧水平最高的区域和季节。同样，臭氧探空仪和商用飞机的观测揭示了臭氧在自由对流层深度的分布。长期的地表观测在全球空间覆盖范围有限，但来自偏远地区的数据表明，21世纪的臭氧比1970年代和1980年代更大。虽然一些偏远地区和东亚重污染地区的许多地点自2000年以来显示臭氧增加，但许多其他地点显示自2000年以来地面臭氧变化没有明确的全球模式。两个新的卫星产品提供了东亚和欧洲对流层低层臭氧的详细图像，揭示了中国东部春季和夏季臭氧增强的全部空间范围，这是通过有限的地面观测无法评估的。现在有足够的数据(臭氧探空仪、卫星、飞机)横跨热带地区，从南美洲向东到西太平洋，表明自1990年代以来对流层臭氧可能增加。由五颗卫星产品得到的2014-2016年对流层臭氧负荷(TOB)平均值为300Tg+/-4%，位于北纬60度-S 60度之间。虽然这项协议很好，但两个产品在TOB趋势的量化方面存在差异，需要进一步的工作来协调差异。卫星现在可以估计臭氧的全球长波辐射影响，但由于辐射影响最大的现场观测有限，评估很困难。
The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urban monitoring sites, highlighting the regions and seasons of the world with the greatest ozone levels. Similarly, ozonesonde and commercial aircraft observations reveal ozone's distribution throughout the depth of the free troposphere. Long-term surface observations are limited in their global spatial coverage, but data from remote locations indicate that ozone in the 21st century is greater than during the 1970s and 1980s. While some remote sites and many sites in the heavily polluted regions of East Asia show ozone increases since 2000, many others show decreases and there is no clear global pattern for surface ozone changes since 2000. Two new satellite products provide detailed views of ozone in the lower troposphere across East Asia and Europe, revealing the full spatial extent of the spring and summer ozone enhancements across eastern China that cannot be assessed from limited surface observations. Sufficient data are now available (ozonesondes, satellite, aircraft) across the tropics from South America eastwards to the western Pacific Ocean, to indicate a likely tropospheric column ozone increase since the 1990s. The 2014-2016 mean tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) between 60 degrees N-60 degrees S from five satellite products is 300 Tg +/- 4%. While this agreement is excellent, the products differ in their quantification of TOB trends and further work is required to reconcile the differences. Satellites can now estimate ozone's global long-wave radiative effect, but evaluation is difficult due to limited in situ observations where the radiative effect is greatest.