Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe
Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.015
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Tzedakis, P. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fletcher, William J.;Goni, Maria Fernanda Sanchez;Tzedakis, P. C.
本文评估了欧洲大陆末次冰期(海洋同位素第4、3和2阶段；73.5-14.7日历ka BP)孢粉记录的千年尺度变异性的证据，其中考虑了来自长期连续陆地记录、北欧陆地碎屑记录和欧洲大陆边缘海洋孢粉记录的信息。这些欧洲遗址的花粉记录提供了上一次冰期期间多次相对温暖和潮湿条件的证据，这促进了欧洲西北部草原和灌木苔原的形成，欧洲东北部灌木和森林苔原的形成，中西欧和阿尔卑斯地区的北部开阔的针叶林，以及南欧的开阔的温带森林。在这些时间间隔内，温带森林发展的北方界限类似于北纬45度，随后在西欧和中欧向北过渡到苔原，横跨类似15度的纬度带，东欧北方森林向北延伸更多，北方森林元素被发现接近今天的界限，大约在北纬70度。对欧洲提供高分辨率陆地和海洋记录的地点进行了综合，以检查欧洲植被中丹斯加德-奥施格(D-O)循环表现的地理和时间模式。对这些地点在四个特定的D-O周期(D-O 16-17、14、12和8)期间温带森林发展的详细比较显示，在欧洲最南纬(北纬40度以下)和北纬40度以上的植被响应之间存在对比。在最南纬，包括D-O 16-17和8在内的所有四个D-O周期都有显著的森林发展，而在北纬40度以上，D-O 14和12期间的森林发展比D-O 16-17或D-O 16-17或8更强劲。(C)2009 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。
This paper evaluates the evidence for millennial-scale variability in pollen records of the last glacial (Marine Isotope Stages 4, 3, and 2; 73.5-14.7 calendar ka BP) from the European continent, taking into account information derived from long, continuous terrestrial records, the fragmentary northern European terrestrial record, and marine pollen records of the European continental margins. Pollen records from these numerous European sites provide evidence for multiple intervals of relatively warm and humid conditions during the last glacial, which promoted the establishment of grassland and shrub tundra in northwestern Europe, shrub- and forest-tundra in northeastern Europe, open boreal forest in central western Europe and the Alpine region, and open temperate forest in southern Europe. The northern limit for temperate forest development during these intervals was at similar to 45 degrees N, with a subsequent northward transition to tundra across a latitudinal band of similar to 15 degrees in western and central Europe, and a greater northward extension of boreal forest in eastern Europe, with boreal forest elements detected close to their present-day limits at similar to 70 degrees N. A much smaller number of sites with sufficiently high temporal resolution provide evidence that warming intervals correspond to millennial-scale variability as recorded in Greenland ice cores. A synthesis of sites providing high-resolution terrestrial and marine records from Europe is undertaken in order to examine geographical and temporal patterns in the expression of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles in the European vegetation. Detailed comparison of temperate forest development at these sites during four specific D-O cycles (D-O 16-17, 14, 12 and 8) reveals contrasts between vegetation response at southernmost European latitudes (below 40 degrees N) and at latitudes above 40 degrees N. At southernmost latitudes, marked forest development occurred during all four D-O cycles including D-O 16-17 and 8, while at latitudes above 40 degrees N, forest development was stronger during D-O 14 and 12 than either D-O 16-17 or 8. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.