The rise of angiosperms strengthened fire feedbacks and improved the regulation of atmospheric oxygen.

The rise of angiosperms strengthened fire feedbacks and improved the regulation of atmospheric oxygen.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-020-20772-2
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发表时间:
2021-01-21
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Watson AJ
Watson AJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Belcher CM;Mills BJW;Vitali R;Baker SJ;Lenton TM;Watson AJ

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地球大气中氧气的来源是埋藏的有机碳,而主要的汇是化石碳的氧化风化作用。然而,这个碳汇对氧气上升到目前的21%以上的水平是不敏感的。生物地球化学模型表明,野火提供了一种额外的调节反馈机制。然而,没有人考虑过不同植物群的进化如何随着时间的推移与这种反馈相互作用。白垩纪不仅见证了超环境水平的大气氧气,还见证了被子植物的进化,它们随后崛起,主宰了地球的生态系统。在这里,我们使用COPSE生物地球化学模型表明,被子植物驱动的火灾反馈变化可能会在白垩纪末期将大气中的氧气含量从30%降低到25%。这可能为闭冠被子植物热带雨林的出现奠定了基础,我们认为,如果没有被子植物增强火灾反馈,这是不可能的。地球历史上的全球氧气调节在很大程度上取决于有机碳埋藏的变化,其中包括火灾对陆地植被的抑制。在这里,作者表明植物生态系统的主要进化变化可能影响了火灾制度,从而影响了大气中的氧气。
The source of oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere is organic carbon burial, whilst the main sink is oxidative weathering of fossil carbon. However, this sink is to insensitive to counteract oxygen rising above its current level of about 21%. Biogeochemical models suggest that wildfires provide an additional regulatory feedback mechanism. However, none have considered how the evolution of different plant groups through time have interacted with this feedback. The Cretaceous Period saw not only super-ambient levels of atmospheric oxygen but also the evolution of the angiosperms, that then rose to dominate Earth’s ecosystems. Here we show, using the COPSE biogeochemical model, that angiosperm-driven alteration of fire feedbacks likely lowered atmospheric oxygen levels from ~30% to 25% by the end of the Cretaceous. This likely set the stage for the emergence of closed-canopy angiosperm tropical rainforests that we suggest would not have been possible without angiosperm enhancement of fire feedbacks. Global oxygen regulation over Earth history has largely depended on variations in organic carbon burial, which includes the suppression of land vegetation due to fires. Here, the authors show that major evolutionary changes in plant ecosystems could have influenced fire regimes and thus affected atmospheric O2.
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