Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis
Dating the emergence of truffle-like fungi in Australia, by using an augmented meta-analysis
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通过增强荟萃分析来确定澳大利亚松露类真菌出现的年代
DOI：
10.1071/sb16025
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Matheny PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheedy EM;Ryberg M;Lebel T;May TW;Bougher NL;Matheny PB
澳大利亚支持高度多样性的螯合（松露状）大型真菌。长期以来，人们一直认为这与主要或季节性的干燥气候有关。本研究假设，如果干旱是螯合子实体进化的关键因素，那么大多数螯合物种只有在澳大利亚开始干旱化之后才出现，这发生在与南极洲分离之后（c。3200万年前）。针对澳大利亚伞菌纲隔离类群的高系统发育多样性，隔离节点的日期直接从已发表的系统发育（四个谱系）或使用GenBank上可用的序列在BEAST中使用二次校准方法（九个谱系）进行处理。虽然形态多样的Hysterangiales被发现是第一组成为隔离，c。8300万年前，澳大利亚的整体封存发生在最近。模型被创建和比较，并发现支持在澳大利亚的固碳率增加在34和1300万年前的某个时候（在渐新世和中新世）。虽然隔离率在澳大利亚从南极洲分离后有所增加，但时间也与潜在的菌根植物伙伴的辐射以及专门的食菌有袋动物的出现重叠。虽然干旱化显然不是隔离的唯一驱动力，但它仍然可能对澳大利亚隔离真菌的多样性产生重大影响。与其他螯合物多样性高的地区进行比较将是有益的。
Australia supports a high diversity of sequestrate (truffle-like) macrofungi. This has long been thought to be related to the predominantly or seasonally dry climate. The present study posits that if aridity were a key factor in the evolution of sequestrate fruit-bodies, most sequestrate species would have emerged in Australia only after it began to aridify, which occurred post-separation with Antarctica (c. 32 million years ago). Focusing on the high phylogenetic diversity of sequestrate taxa in the Agaricomycetes in Australia, dates of sequestrate nodes were compiled directly from published phylogenies (four lineages) or created using sequences available on GenBank that were processed in BEAST using a secondary calibration method (nine lineages). Although the morphologically diverse Hysterangiales was found to be the first group to become sequestrate, c. 83 million years ago, overall sequestration in Australia occurred more recently. Models were created and compared and support was found for an increased rate of sequestration in Australia at some point between 34 and 13 million years ago (during the Oligocene and Miocene). Although the rate of sequestration is shown to have increased in Australia after separation from Antarctica, the timing also overlaps with the radiation of potential mycorrhizal plant associates, and the emergence of specialised mycophagous marsupials. Although aridification is evidently not the sole driver of sequestration, it is still likely to have had a major influence on the diversity of sequestrate fungi in Australia. Comparisons with other regions of high sequestrate diversity will be informative.