Ecological function losses caused by monotonous land use induce crop raiding by wildlife on the island of Yakushima, southern Japan
Ecological function losses caused by monotonous land use induce crop raiding by wildlife on the island of Yakushima, southern Japan
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DOI：
10.1007/s11284-007-0358-z
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Agetsuma, Naoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agetsuma, Naoki
大规模生产是资本主义经济中价格竞争的必然结果。这导致需要大规模采伐和种植商业作物。然而，这种单一的土地利用或单一的栽培破坏了森林的各种生态功能，侵蚀了森林提供的有益的公共服务。在日本，最普遍的单一土地使用与针叶树种植园有关，从1958年起，林业局旨在增加木材生产的政策鼓励扩大针叶树种植园。到1986年，一半的林地变成了单一物种的针叶林。这些政策可能会破坏森林的生态功能：为森林野生动物提供稳定的栖息地。特别是，经过几十年的伐木，野生动物的食物供应波动很大。因此，一些物种改变了它们的生态，开始主动探索新的环境，以适应这种极端的波动。这些物种已经开始利用种植园附近的农田。从这个意义上说，野生动物袭击农作物可以看作是由于生态功能丧失而导致土地利用单调的负面结果。因此，为了解决野生动物袭击农作物的问题，需要通过生境管理来恢复生态功能和重组景观。本研究考察了屋久岛的日本鹿（Cervus nippon）和猴子（Macaca fuscata）袭击农作物的情况，这是日本袭击农作物情况的典型。
Mass production is a logical outcome of price competition in a capitalist economy. It has resulted in the need for large-scale logging and planting of commercial crops. However, such monotonous land use, or monoculture, has damaged various ecological functions of forests and eroded the beneficial public service provided by forests. In Japan, the most widespread monotonous land use is associated with coniferous plantations, the expansion of which was encouraged by Forest Agency policies from 1958 that were aimed at increasing wood production. By 1986, half of all forested lands had been transformed into single-species conifer plantations. These policies may damage the ecological functions of forests: to provide stable habitats for forest wildlife. In particular, food supplies for wildlife have fluctuated greatly after several decades of logging. Some species have therefore changed their ecology and begun to explore novel environments proactively in order to adapt to such extreme fluctuations. Such species have started to use farmlands that neighbor the plantations. In this sense, crop raiding by wildlife can be regarded as a negative result of monotonous land use due to the loss of ecological functions. Therefore, habitat management to rehabilitate ecological functions and to reorganize the landscape will be required in order to resolve the problem of crop raiding by wildlife. This study examines crop raiding by Japanese deer (Cervus nippon) and monkeys (Macaca fuscata) on the island of Yakushima, which typifies crop-raiding situations in Japan.