Procedural Vulnerability and Its Effects on Equitable Post-Disaster Recovery in Low-Income Communities
Procedural Vulnerability and Its Effects on Equitable Post-Disaster Recovery in Low-Income Communities
复制标题
程序脆弱性及其对低收入社区灾后公平恢复的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Rebecca Randolph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Rivera;Bradleigh Jenkins;Rebecca Randolph
摘要问题、研究策略与结果公平是灾后恢复重建的主要目标。然而，尽管广泛的研究表明种族/阶级与灾害脆弱性之间的联系，很少有人研究或命名这种相关性的机制。这种机制被称为程序上的弱点或导致不公平结果的历史和持续的权力关系。我们通过分析LUPE等人诉FEMA案（B：08-cv-487 [2008]），探究程序漏洞在产生不公平恢复中的作用。这起法律的案件源于2008年飓风多莉之后德克萨斯州南部里奥格兰德山谷的科洛尼亚居民的经历。从这一案例中，我们发现，首先，联邦紧急事务管理局（FEMA）对延期维修和赔偿金不足的定义不明确，对低收入家庭产生了负面影响。第二，即使有了明确的定义，由于殖民地撤资的历史模式，灾后恢复和重建的结果仍然是不公平的。从这个案例中，对规划者的两个关键影响显现出来。首先，规划者必须承认低收入有色人种社区面临的历史性问题，这些问题导致联邦应急管理局资金的不公平结果。非法人的有色人种社区不太可能获得强有力的环境规划，使他们面临更高的灾难风险。第二，围绕社区的当地污名化可预先确定谁“值得”或不值得”援助，从而极大地影响灾后重建和恢复的效力。了解当地种族主义和偏见的历史是解决和纠正这些不平等现象的关键。
Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings Equity is a major goal in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. However, although extensive research demonstrates the connections between race/class and heightened vulnerability to disasters, few examine or name the mechanisms responsible for this correlation. Such mechanisms are referred to as procedural vulnerabilities or historical and ongoing power relations that lead to inequitable outcomes. We interrogate the role of procedural vulnerabilities in generating inequitable recovery by analyzing LUPE et al. v. FEMA (B:08-cv-487 [2008]). This legal case emerged from the experiences of colonia residents in the Río Grande Valley of South Texas following Hurricane Dolly in 2008. From this case, we found that, first, the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA’s) unclear definitions of deferred maintenance and insufficient damages negatively affected low-income households. Second, even with clear definitions, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction outcomes would remain inequitable due to historic patterns of disinvestment in the colonias. Takeaway for practice From this case, two key implications for planners emerge. First, planners must acknowledge the historic concerns facing low-income communities of color that lead to inequitable outcomes in FEMA funding. Unincorporated communities of color are less likely to be able to access strong environmental planning, placing them at higher risk of disaster. Second, local stigma surrounding communities can greatly influence the efficacy of post-disaster reconstruction and recovery by predetermining who is or is not “deserving” of assistance. Engaging local histories of racism and prejudice is key to addressing and redressing these inequities.
DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.09.013
发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
5
作者：
Rufat, Samuel;Tate, Eric;Maroof, Abu Sayeed
通讯作者：
Maroof, Abu Sayeed