Essential tremor.
Essential tremor.
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-444-52014-2.00033-1
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Louis, Elan D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Louis, Elan D
特发性震颤（ET）是最常见的神经系统疾病之一。本章回顾了ET的流行病学、临床特征和病理生理学。其特征是手臂的运动性震颤。患者通常也有姿势性震颤。也可能涉及其他身体区域（特别是头部）。震颤的严重程度可以从人群环境中的轻度病例到治疗环境中的更严重病例。在ET中描述了除震颤外的运动特征，包括串联步态困难。许多研究也记录了轻度认知变化（特别是执行功能障碍）。尽管被认为是最常见的多动性运动障碍之一，但很难确定准确的患病率，但40岁及以上人群的患病率似乎为4%或更高。有许多家庭的例子，其中疾病似乎是遗传的，但遗传研究还没有进展到ET基因已被确定的地步。也有越来越多的认识，环境因素可能有助于ET的病因。最近的尸检研究有助于将ET的可能来源定位于小脑及其连接通路的结构改变。
Essential tremor (ET) is among the most common neurological disorders. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of ET. The defining feature is a kinetic tremor of the arms. Patients often have a postural tremor as well. Other body regions may also be involved (especially the head). The severity of tremor may range from mild cases in population settings to more severe cases in treatment settings. Motor features aside from tremor have been described in ET, including tandem gait difficulty. Mild cognitive changes (especially executive dysfunction) have been documented in many studies as well. Despite being regarded as one of the most common hyperkinetic movement disorders, establishing a precise prevalence has been difficult, yet the prevalence among persons aged 40 and older seems to be 4% or higher. There are numerous examples of families in which the disease appears to be inherited yet genetic studies have not progressed to the point where ET genes have been identified. There is also a growing understanding that environmental factors are likely to contribute to the etiology of ET. More recent postmortem studies have helped localize the possible source of ET to structural alterations in the cerebellum and its connecting pathways.