Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface
Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1_2
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zappa, Christopher J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garbe, Christoph S.;Rutgersson, Anna;Zappa, Christopher J.
大气和水中的几个物理、生物和化学过程(包括波浪、大小尺度湍流、气泡、海雾、雨水和表面膜)控制着气体和颗粒在海-气界面上的传输效率。为了更深入地了解相关的传输机制，已经开发了几个模型，从概念模型到数值模型。最常见的情况是通过风速的各种函数相关性来描述传输，但更详细的描述需要更多的信息。气体传输机制的研究使用了各种实验方法，从实验室研究到碳收支、质量平衡法、微气象技术和热像技术。不同的方法解决了在不同的时间和空间尺度上的转移问题；在比较不同的结果时必须考虑到这一点。海-气转移涉及广泛的应用，例如，地方和区域通量、全球模型、遥感和全球清单的计算。整体模型对描述传递速度的敏感性是有限的；然而，当分辨率提高和模型中的其他过程得到改善时，公式可能变得更加重要。对于使用清单或遥感产品的全球通量估计，传输公式的准确性以及风场的准确性至关重要。
The efficiency of transfer of gases and particles across the air-sea interface is controlled by several physical, biological and chemical processes in the atmosphere and water which are described here (including waves, large-and small-scale turbulence, bubbles, sea spray, rain and surface films). For a deeper understanding of relevant transport mechanisms, several models have been developed, ranging from conceptual models to numerical models. Most frequently the transfer is described by various functional dependencies of the wind speed, but more detailed descriptions need additional information. The study of gas transfer mechanisms uses a variety of experimental methods ranging from laboratory studies to carbon budgets, mass balance methods, micrometeorological techniques and thermographic techniques. Different methods resolve the transfer at different scales of time and space; this is important to take into account when comparing different results. Air-sea transfer is relevant in a wide range of applications, for example, local and regional fluxes, global models, remote sensing and computations of global inventories. The sensitivity of global models to the description of transfer velocity is limited; it is however likely that the formulations are more important when the resolution increases and other processes in models are improved. For global flux estimates using inventories or remote sensing products the accuracy of the transfer formulation as well as the accuracy of the wind field is crucial.