The convention on international trade in endangered species
The convention on international trade in endangered species
复制标题
濒危物种国际贸易公约
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Peter Anderson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peter Anderson
《濒危野生动植物种贸易公约》（CITES）引起了世界范围内越来越多的珍稀植物物种的关注，这些物种的数量正在迅速减少，甚至可能灭绝(1)。1972年中期向所有国家发出了参加这一会议的邀请。后来，1973年2月12日至3月2日在美国国务院举行了一次多国全权代表会议。这次会议的结果是拟定了一项条约。1975年7月1日，在第10个国家批准该公约90天后，它成为对签署该公约的国家具有约束力的法律文件。甚至在它生效之前，这份文件就激励了许多国家推进悬而未决的立法(2)。美国于1973年成为CITES的签署国，苏联于1974年签署。从1972年中期到1973年，苏联对稀有和濒危植物物种的关注大大增加，特别是在农业部、列宁格勒的科马罗夫植物学研究所和主要的植物园，如莫斯科的主要植物园。苏联自然保护的概念和实践可以追溯到彼得大帝，他的兴趣是保护在他有生之年（1672年至1725年）正在枯竭的森林资源。尽管他对俄罗斯人民有很大的影响，但在前进化时期只建立了六个保护区（zapovedniki）。大多数保护区和所有新成立的国家公园都是在革命后建立的。1917年列宁关于土地的第一项法令废除了土地私有制。两年后，进一步的法令建立了彭曾斯克
Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) brought worldwide attention to the increasing number of rare plant species that were rapidly diminishing in number and might become extinct (1). Invitations to attend this convention were sent to all countries in mid1972. Later, a multinational plenipotentiary conference was held at the U.S. State Department from 12 February to 2 March 1973. As a result of this conference a treaty was prepared. It became a binding legal document for those countries signing it on 1 July 1975, 90 days after the tenth country ratified the convention. Even before it came into force, this document served as a stimulus for many countries to move ahead with pending legislation (2). The United States became a signatory to CITES in 1973, and the Soviet Union signed in 1974. From mid-1972 through 1973, the amount of attention devoted to rare and endangered plant species in the Soviet Union was greatly increased, particularly at the Ministry of Agriculture, the Komarov Botanical Institute in Leningrad, and the major botanical gardens, such as the Main Botanic Garden in Moscow. The concept and practice of nature protection in the Soviet Union can be traced back to Peter the Great, whose interest was in preserving the forest resources that were being depleted during his lifetime (1672 to 1725) (3). Despite his influence on the Russian people, only six preserves (zapovedniki) were established in prerevolutionary times. Most preserves and all of the newly formed national parks have been established since the Revolution (4). Private land ownership was abolished in 1917 by Lenin's first decree on land. Two years later, further decrees established the Penzensk