Enabling Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Cereal Crops in Fertilized Fields.
Enabling Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Cereal Crops in Fertilized Fields.
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DOI：
10.1021/acssynbio.1c00049
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Amy Wen;Keira L Havens;Sarah E. Bloch;Neal Shah;Douglas A. Higgins;Austin G. Davis-Richardson;Judee Sharon;F. Rezaei;Mahsa Mohiti-Asli;Allison Johnson;G. Abud;Jean-Michel Ané;J. Maeda;V. Infante;Shayin S. Gottlieb;J. Lorigan;Lorena Williams;A. Horton;Mary E. McKellar;Dominic Soriano;Zoe Caron;Hannah Elzinga;Ashley Graham;Rosemary Clark;San-Ming Mak;L. Stupin;A. Robinson;Natalie Hubbard;R. Broglie;Alvin Tamsir;Karsten Temme
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amy Wen;Keira L Havens;Sarah E. Bloch;Neal Shah;Douglas A. Higgins;Austin G. Davis-Richardson;Judee Sharon;F. Rezaei;Mahsa Mohiti-Asli;Allison Johnson;G. Abud;Jean-Michel Ané;J. Maeda;V. Infante;Shayin S. Gottlieb;J. Lorigan;Lorena Williams;A. Horton;Mary E. McKellar;Dominic Soriano;Zoe Caron;Hannah Elzinga;Ashley Graham;Rosemary Clark;San-Ming Mak;L. Stupin;A. Robinson;Natalie Hubbard;R. Broglie;Alvin Tamsir;Karsten Temme
农业生产力依赖于合成氮肥，但其中一半的活性氮会流失到环境中。迫切需要替代氮素解决方案，以减少与使用合成氮肥相关的水污染、臭氧消耗、大气颗粒物形成和全球温室气体排放。其中一种解决方案是生物固氮(BNF)，这是复杂的自然氮循环的一个组成部分。生物固氮肥在商业农业中的应用目前受到化肥使用和植物类型的限制。本文介绍了第一个利用合成生物学工具优化的微生物产品的鉴定、开发和部署，使玉米生物固氮菌(Zea Mays)能够在肥料田中实现生物固氮菌(Zea Mays)的成功、安全的商业化，实现了生物固氮菌在生产农业中取代和减少合成氮肥的潜力。从农业土壤中分离的野生固氮菌Klebsiella varicola 137-1036(“Kv137-1036”)在富氮环境中将固氮活性提高122倍，同时保持了母株在玉米根部定植的能力。这一技术里程碑在不到传统生物产品一半的时间内实现了商业化，强有力的生物安全评估和产品配方有助于增强消费者的信心和易用性。在整个美国玉米带的多年多点田间试验中，与仅使用合成氮肥的农田相比，种植Kv137-1036的农田表现出更高的产量(0.35±0.092吨/公顷±SE或5.2±1.4蒲式耳/英亩±SE)，并在2018年和2019年分别减少了25%和8%的田内产量差异。这些结果证明了一种大面积生物固氮产品在田间条件下固定玉米氮素的能力，具有可靠的农艺效益。
Agricultural productivity relies on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, yet half of that reactive nitrogen is lost to the environment. There is an urgent need for alternative nitrogen solutions to reduce the water pollution, ozone depletion, atmospheric particulate formation, and global greenhouse gas emissions associated with synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use. One such solution is biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), a component of the complex natural nitrogen cycle. BNF application to commercial agriculture is currently limited by fertilizer use and plant type. This paper describes the identification, development, and deployment of the first microbial product optimized using synthetic biology tools to enable BNF for corn (Zea mays) in fertilized fields, demonstrating the successful, safe commercialization of root-associated diazotrophs and realizing the potential of BNF to replace and reduce synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use in production agriculture. Derived from a wild nitrogen-fixing microbe isolated from agricultural soils, Klebsiella variicola 137-1036 ("Kv137-1036") retains the capacity of the parent strain to colonize corn roots while increasing nitrogen fixation activity 122-fold in nitrogen-rich environments. This technical milestone was then commercialized in less than half of the time of a traditional biological product, with robust biosafety evaluations and product formulations contributing to consumer confidence and ease of use. Tested in multi-year, multi-site field trial experiments throughout the U.S. Corn Belt, fields grown with Kv137-1036 exhibited both higher yields (0.35 ± 0.092 t/ha ± SE or 5.2 ± 1.4 bushels/acre ± SE) and reduced within-field yield variance by 25% in 2018 and 8% in 2019 compared to fields fertilized with synthetic nitrogen fertilizers alone. These results demonstrate the capacity of a broad-acre BNF product to fix nitrogen for corn in field conditions with reliable agronomic benefits.